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. 2019 Nov 11;8(11):1418. doi: 10.3390/cells8111418

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Increased adipose chemokine CC motif ligand-2 (CCL2) expression in obesity. CCL2 gene expression was determined in six lean, 18 overweight, and 23 obese non-diabetic individuals using real-time RT-PCR, while CCL2 protein expression was also assessed in six lean, 14 overweight, and 10 obese non-diabetic individuals using immunohistochemistry (IHC) as described in Materials and Methods. The data (mean ± SEM) show that (A) adipose CCL2 mRNA expression was upregulated in obese (P = 0.05) compared with lean subjects. (B) CCL2 protein expression (IHC intensity shown as arbitrary units) was also higher in overweight as well as obese individuals (P < 0.0001) as compared with lean. (C) The representative IHC images obtained from three independent determinations with similar results show elevated CCL2 adipose expression (cyan arrows, 100× magnification) in overweight and obese as compared with lean individuals. Scale bar = 50 μM. (D) There was no association found between IRF5 and CCL2 gene expression in the adipose tissue (r = 0.12, P = 0.42). The asterisks * and **** represent significance levels of P ≤ 0.05 and P < 0.0001, respectively.