. 2019 Nov 17;8(11):2005. doi: 10.3390/jcm8112005

Table 1.

Summary of included studies evaluating biomarkers for detecting anastomotic leakage in gastroesophageal anastomosis.

Reference	Resection	Study Design ^b	Study Period	MI Approach (%)	Patients (n)	AL (n)	N CRT (n)	Marker Type	Biomarkers
Asti et al. [32]	Esophageal	Retrospective	2012–2017	100	243	29	96	Serum	CRP, PCT, leucocytes and PN
Baker et al. [33]	Esophageal	Retrospective	2009–2014	93	100	13	68	Serum and drain	Amylase and leucocytes
Berkelmans et al. [47]	Esophageal	Retrospective	2013–2014	100	89	15	84	Drain	Amylase
Dutta et al. [34]	Esophagogastric	Retrospective	2005–2009	NR	136	17	80	Serum	CRP
Edagawa et al. [44]	Esophageal	Retrospective	2007–2009	66	204	44	NR	Serum	CRP, FIB
Ellebaek et al. [53]	Esophagogastric	Prospective	2006–2010	0	54	7	29	Mediastinal microdialysis	Lactate, pyruvate, glucose, glycerol ^a and pyrovate
Findlay et al. [35]	Esophagogastric	Retrospective	2008–2013	0	248	21	189	Serum and drain	CRP ^a, leucocytes, albumin ^a and NUn score
Gao et al. [45]	Esophageal	Retrospective	2016–2017	100	96	12	38	Serum and drain	Amylase and prealbumin
Giulini et al. [46]	Esophageal	Retrospective	2015–2017	64	80	6	40	Serum and drain	Amylase and CRP
Gordon et al. [36]	Esophagogastric	Retrospective	2004–2014	0	145	13	NR	Serum	CRP
Hoeboer et al. [37]	Esophageal	Prospective	2011–2012	10	45	10	40	Serum	CRP, PCT and leucocytes ^a
Ip et al. [38]	Esophageal	Retrospective	2012–2014	7	136	18	70	Serum	Lactate
Ji et al. [39]	Esophagogastric	Retrospective	2014	0	97	10	NR	Serum	CRP
Li et al. [40]	Esophageal	Retrospective	2013–2016	8	71	47	5	Serum and respiratory	CRP ^a, PCT, leucocytes ^a, albumin, Hb ^a, PLT ^a, BG, pO2 ^a and fiO2 ^a
Machens et al. [48]	Esophageal	Retrospective	1992–1994	0	26	14	NR	Drain	amylase and ph ^a
Miller et al. [55]	Esophageal	Retospective	2015–2016	100	45	3	27	Drain	Amylase
Noble et al. [41]	Esophageal	Retrospective	2005–2011	NR	258	26	156	Serum and score	CRP, leucocytes, albumin and NUn score
Paireder et al. [52]	Esophageal	Retrospective	2003–2014	28	258	32	177	Score	NUn score
Park et al. [42]	Esophageal	Retrospective	2009–2016	56	201	23	45	Serum	CRP and leucocytes ^a
Perry et al. [49]	Esophageal	Retrospective	2007–2014	58	146	35	NR	Drain	Amylase
Plat et al. [54]	Esophageal	Prospective	2015–2016	NR	31	9	29	Urine	VOC
Schots et al. [50]	Gastric	Retrospective	2013–2017	70	107	8	71	Drain	Amylase and CRP ^a
Song et al. [43]	Esophageal	Retrospective	2015–2016	67	183	16	50	Plasma	TNF- $α$ , IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10
Yu et al. [51]	Esophageal	Retrospective	2014–2017	NR	99	10	17	Drain	Amylase

^a Statistical significance for detection AL not proven; ^b All studies include surgical resection for cancer and were mainly elective. AL, anastomotic leakage; NR, not reported, nCRT, neo-adjuvant chemoradiation therapy; MI, minimally invasive; CRP, C-reactive protein; PCT, procalcitonin; PN, per cent neutrophils; NUn score, 11.3894 + 0.005 (CRP) + 0186 (WCC) − 0.174 (Albumin); Hb, haemoglobin; PLT, platelet; BG, blood antigenemia; IL, interleukin.