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Host iron status and gut microbiota composition. For a healthy host, the amount of free iron is maintained from 10−7 to 10−5 M, insufficient concentrations for pathogenic bacteria to thrive predominantly if the microbiota is abundant in resident microbiota.Pathogenic bacteria, e.g., gram-negative, Salmonella, and Shigella produce iron-binding siderophores that enable them to scavenge iron [45].
