Figure 3.

Implications of iron and oxidative stress in inflammatory gut and dysbiosis. The inflammatory response, triggered by intestinal pathogens, activates macrophages that stimulate T cells to secrete IL22 and IL17. Leading to the secretion of chemokines by the intestinal epithelium, which attracts neutrophils to the site of inflammation. Neutrophils that infiltrate will release reactive oxygen species (ROS) into the intestinal lumen, which can be augmented by lumen iron after dysbiosis [40].