Table 6.

Identification of significantly different metabolites in serum between the CON and FCSM groups ¹.

Superclass	Metabolite Names	Identified by Positive- or Negative-Ion Mode	m/z 2	RT 3	VIP 4	FC (FCSM/CON) 5	p-Value
Phenylpropanoids	2-Coumarate	negative	163.04	321.99	1.82	0.27	<0.01
Organic acids	2-Ethyl-2-Hydroxybutyric acid	negative	131.07	313.56	1.31	0.74	0.03
Organic acids	2-Hexenal	positive	99.08	4.19	1.94	0.70	<0.01
Organic acids	3-Hydroxybutyric acid	positive	105.05	113.94	1.73	3.38	0.01
Organic acids	Azelaic acid	positive	189.11	393.04	1.81	1.28	<0.01
Organic acids	4-Oxododecanedioic acid	negative	243.12	397.93	1.36	0.41	0.02
Organic acids	Salicylic acid	negative	137.02	405.03	1.47	0.48	0.01
Organic acids	trans-Cinnamic acid	positive	149.06	182.73	2.08	0.70	0.03
amino acid	5-Methylthioadenosine	positive	298.10	230.92	1.53	1.89	0.02
amino acid	N-acetyltryptophan	negative	245.09	362.65	1.43	0.54	0.02
Peptides	Phenylethylamine	positive	122.10	216.64	2.05	0.22	<0.01
Lipids	Docosahexaenoic	positive	329.25	858.32	1.68	1.67	0.01
Pesticides	Choline	positive	104.11	65.25	1.38	0.80	0.04
Terpenoids	Costunolide	negative	231.12	382.28	1.44	0.33	0.02
Steroids	Taurocholic acid	positive	516.30	527.94	1.78	0.25	<0.01
Alkaloids	Indoleacetic	positive	176.07	397.17	1.97	0.31	<0.01
-	Biliverdin	negative	581.24	625.68	1.26	1.64	0.04
-	Dimethylglycine	positive	104.07	133.43	1.73	2.00	0.01
-	Prolylhydroxyproline	positive	229.12	72.91	1.67	1.76	0.01
-	1-heptadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	positive	510.35	810.16	1.39	1.69	0.04

¹ CON, no fermented cottonseed meal in diet; FCSM, 6% fermented cottonseed meal in diet. ² RT, retention time. ³ m/z, mass-to-charge ratio. ⁴ VIP, variable importance projection. ⁵ FC, fold change, mean value of peak area obtained from FCSM group/mean value of peak area obtained from CON group. If the FC value is less than 1, it means that metabolites are less in FCSM than in CON.