Table 1.

Significant studies demonstrating versatile use of genome editing approaches in plants

Mechanism of Action.	Plant Species	Target	Protein	Type of Mutation	Promoter	Vector	Reference
Knockout	Apple	PDS	pcoCas9 fused to GFBSD2	InDels	NA	pEgP226-2A-gfbsd2	[39]
Knockout	Arabidopsis	BRI1, GAI, JAZ1	hSpCas9	InDels	NA	NA	[40]
Knockout	Banana	PDS	Cas9	InDels resulting in early stop codon	NA	pRGEB31	[41]
Knockout	Rice	OsROC5, OsDEP1	Arabidopsis codon-optimized Cas9	Small deletions of up to 10 base pairs.	NA	pZHY988	[42]
Knock-in	Rice	OsPDS	SpCas9	Successful insertion of Oligo with KpnI+EcoRI sites resulting in gene disruption.	ZmUbi	pEASY-Blunt vector	[36]
Knock-in	Rice	Chlorophyllide-a oxygenase gene of rice (CAO1)	Monocot optimized FnCpf1	Heritable targeted insertion of repair template having hygromcin resistance.	ZmUbi	pUC19 backbone	[43]
Knock-in	Rice	ALS	pcoLbCpf1	Targeted ALS gene replacement resulting in Herbicide resistant plants.	NA	pCXUN-LbCpf1	[44]
Knock-in	Arabidopsis	GLABRA2 (GL2); ROS1; DME	hSpCas9	GFP-DME; DME-GFP; ROS1-GFP; ROS1-luc fusions were generated	AtU6	pCambia1300; pCambia3301	[45]
Knock-in	Maize	ALS2; LIG	SpCas9	Targeted insertion of MoPAT gene in LIG locus by upto 83% and mutation of ALS2 with by HDR with two oligos.	Ubi	pUC19; pSB11	[46]

Abbreviations: AtU6: Arabidopsis thaliana U6 snoRNA promoter; Cas9: CRISPR associated protein 9; Cpf1: CRISPR from Prevotella and Francisella 1; FnCpf1: Franciella novocida Cpf1; hSpCas9: human codon-optimized Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9; InDels: Insertion or deletion mutations; NA: Not Available; pcoCas9: plant codon-optimized Cas9; pcoLbCpf1: plant codon-optimized Lachnospiraceae bacterium Cpf1; SpCas9: Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9; Ubi: ubiquitin promoter: ZmUbi: Zea mays ubiquitin, NA: not available.