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. 2019 Nov 1;9(11):908. doi: 10.3390/ani9110908

Table 4.

Least square means of milk yield, composition, and milk coagulation properties in the two pasture management systems and the three GEs.

Item System (S) Full-Time Grazing (FT) Part-Time Grazing (PT) SEM p-Values
FT PT GE1 GE2 GE3 GE1 GE2 GE3 S GE S × GE
Milk yield, kg/day 12.1 12.0 14.8 12.2 9.11 13.9 11.8 10.2 0.555 0.869 <0.001 0.086
Milk gross composition, g/100 g
Fat 4.08 3.86 3.93 b 3.70 b 4.62 a 3.81 ab 3.87 ab 3.88 ab 0.202 0.295 0.009 0.014
Protein 3.65 3.45 3.65 3.57 3.75 3.45 3.40 3.49 0.094 0.049 0.267 0.859
Casein 2.87 2.71 2.86 2.79 2.94 2.73 2.68 2.71 0.072 0.002 0.354 0.554
Lactose 4.72 4.73 4.75 4.73 4.70 4.84 4.73 4.63 0.045 0.842 0.003 0.071
Urea 18.3 20.9 17.8 b 19.7 b 17.4 b 23.7 a 18.8 b 20.2 b 0.850 0.018 0.007 <0.001
Somatic cells, ×1000/mL 139 129 107 b 122 b 206 a 133 b 148 b 108 b 13.50 0.770 0.423 0.025
pH 6.68 6.64 6.69 a 6.67 a 6.68 a 6.67 a 6.65 a 6.61 b 0.013 0.038 <0.001 0.004
Acidity, °SH 6.57 6.73 7.16 6.34 6.21 7.10 6.52 6.56 0.162 0.369 <0.001 0.339
Coagulation properties
Rennet coagulation time, min 18.2 18.4 18.4 17.7 18.4 17.1 18.2 19.9 2.06 0.941 0.336 0.384
k20, min 15.5 15.4 16.2 16.9 13.5 15.2 15.3 15.7 2.61 0.975 0.446 0.261
AR, mm 23.8 23.0 23.7 ab 21.7 b 26.1 a 21.7 ab 23.0 ab 24.1 ab 1.35 0.586 0.003 0.060

AR: curd firmness after a strengthening time equal to the rennet coagulation time; k20: curd firming time to reach a value of 20 mm; SEM: standard error of the mean. a,b Different superscripts within the same row indicate differences between grazing systems and GEs (p < 0.05).