Table 1.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics in 41 subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 37 subjects without T2DM.
| T2DM Subjects (n = 41) | Non-Diabetic Subjects (n = 37) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60 ± 10 | 52 ± 9 | <0.001 |
| Gender (men/women) | 19/22 | 10/27 | 0.127 |
| Metabolic syndrome (yes/no) | 29/12 | 7/30 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 145 ± 20 | 129 ± 20 | 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 87 ± 9 | 81 ± 12 | 0.025 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.0 ± 4.9 | 25.5 ± 4.1 | 0.001 |
| Waist (cm) | 100 ± 14 | 84 ± 13 | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 8.9 ± 2.3 | 5.6 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 50 ± 9 | 33 ± 3 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR (mU mmol/L2/22.5) | 4.01 (2.94–6.99) | 1.56 (1.13–2.03) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.53 ± 0.97 | 5.65 ± 0.98 | 0.578 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.21 ± 1.05 | 4.06 ± 1.10 | 0.547 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.39 ± 0.88 | 3.46 ± 0.97 | 0.73 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.31 ± 0.39 | 1.59 ± 0.35 | 0.002 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.90 ± 1.60 | 1.34 ± 0.53 | 0.021 |
| ApoB (g/L) | 0.97 ± 0.24 | 0.91 ± 0.26 | 0.324 |
| Apo A-1 (g/L) | 1.37 ± 0.26 | 1.46 ± 0.21 | 0.080 |
| RBP4 (mg/L) | 40.13 ± 8.71 | 38.33 ± 8.11 | 0.349 |
| Retinol (µmol/L) | 2.33 ± 0.53 | 2.16 ± 0.43 | 0.129 |
| RBP4/retinol ratio (mg/µmol) | 17.38 ± 1.70 | 17.82 ± 1.94 | 0.290 |
Data are expressed in means ± SD, medians (interquartile range) or numbers. Abbreviations: Apo: apolipoprotein; BMI: body mass index; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; HDL: high density lipoproteins; LDL: low density lipoproteins; RBP4: retinol binding protein 4. Differences between subjects with and without T2DM were determined by T-tests (using loge transformed values in case of not-normally distributed data) and Chi-square tests where appropriate. LDL cholesterol was calculated in 39 T2DM subjects and in 36 non-diabetic subjects.