Table 1.

Comparison of a patient-derived cancer models.

	Conventional Cell Lines	Organoids	PDX	CRC
Sample size
FNA	−	+/−	−	+++
Core Biopsy	−	+	−	+++
Surgical Specimens	+	+++	++	+++
Timing	dozen days	1-5 weeks	1-5mont	1-10 days
Success rate of initiation	+ 0–10%	++ (5–80%)	++ (2–30%)	+++50–100%
Tumor type specific
Rapid Expansion	+++	++	+	+++
Matched Normal con	−	+	-	+
Karyotypic stability	−	++	N/A	++
3D growth	−	+	+++	−
Representation of tumor	+	++	++	++
Genetic manipulation	+++	++	−	++
Maintenance (passage)	+++	++	+	+++
LT drug screens	+++	–	+	+++
HT drug screens	+++	++	−	+++
Heterogeneity	−	++	+++	++
Tumor–stroma interaction	−	−	++	−