Table 1.
Participant Characteristics by LAE and AF Status, Visit 5 (2011–2013), ARIC‐NCS
| Characteristics | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Normal LA/No AF) | (Normal LA/AF) | (LAE/No AF) | (LAE/AF) | ||
| No. | 2842 | 107 | 337 | 105 | … |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 74 (5) | 77 (5) | 76 (5) | 77 (4) | <0.0001 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 1737 (61) | 58 (54) | 171 (51) | 42 (40) | <0.0001 |
| Black race, n (%) | 627 (22) | 8 (7) | 74 (22) | 8 (8) | <0.0001 |
| Less than high school education, n (%) | 291 (10) | 9 (8) | 43 (13) | 12 (11) | 0.64 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 154 (5) | 6 (6) | 13 (4) | 1 (1) | 0.03 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 29 (6) | 30 (6) | 29 (5) | 30 (6) | 0.06 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 129 (17) | 125 (16) | 132 (19) | 126 (20) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 67 (10) | 66 (10) | 64 (11) | 63 (13) | <0.0001 |
| Antihypertensive use, n (%) | 2015 (71) | 91 (85) | 273 (81) | 95 (90) | <0.0001 |
| Anticoagulant use, n (%) | 63 (2) | 41 (38) | 13 (4) | 76 (72) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 810 (29) | 37 (35) | 91 (27) | 37 (35) | 0.21 |
| Prevalent stroke, n (%) | 64 (2) | 6 (6) | 19 (6) | 11 (10) | <0.0001 |
| CHD/MI, n (%) | 328 (12) | 27 (25) | 60 (18) | 32 (30) | <0.0001 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 61 (2) | 18 (17) | 13 (4) | 31 (30) | <0.0001 |
| Left atrial volume index, mean (SD), mL/m2 | 23 (5) | 26 (5) | 39 (5) | 44 (8) | <0.0001 |
| Dementia, n (%) | 25 (1) | 2 (2) | 6 (2) | 1 (1) | 0.35 |
| Mild cognitive impairment, n (%) | 474 (17) | 18 (17) | 49 (15) | 25 (24) | 0.18 |
| Cognitive domain score, mean (SD) | |||||
| Memory | |||||
| Visit 5 | 0.24 (0.7) | 0.06 (0.7) | 0.08 (0.8) | 0.02 (0.7) | <0.0001 |
| Visit 6 | 0.02 (0.8) | −0.13 (0.8) | −0.15 (0.8) | −0.26 (0.7) | <0.0001 |
| Executive function | |||||
| Visit 5 | 0.26 (0.8) | 0.23 (0.7) | 0.07 (0.9) | −0.07 (0.6) | <0.0001 |
| Visit 6 | −0.06 (0.9) | −0.23 (0.7) | −0.23 (0.9) | −0.42 (0.7) | <0.0001 |
| Language | |||||
| Visit 5 | 0.22 (0.8) | 0.28 (0.8) | 0.12 (0.8) | 0.05 (0.7) | 0.02 |
| Visit 6 | 0.03 (0.8) | −0.06 (0.8) | −0.10 (0.8) | −0.21 (0.8) | <0.0001 |
| Global cognition | |||||
| Visit 5 | 0.31 (0.8) | 0.29 (0.7) | 0.12 (0.8) | 0.03 (0.6) | <0.0001 |
| Visit 6 | 0.01 (0.9) | −0.14 (0.7) | −0.17 (0.9) | −0.33 (0.7) | 0.001 |
P values calculated using χ2 or ANOVA tests. AF indicates atrial fibrillation; ARIC‐NCS, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study; CHD, coronary heart disease; LA, left atrium; LAE, left atrial enlargement; MI, myocardial infarction.