Table 4.
Cox Regression Analyses of CCTA Findings for MACE, Adjusted by CACS and Conventional Cardiovascular Risk Factors
| Univariable | Multivariable | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FRSa +CACSb | ASCVDa+CACSb | IRFa+CACSb | ||||||
| HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Severity of CADc | ||||||||
| Nonobstructive | 2.39 (0.65–8.83) | 0.191 | 1.53 (0.37–6.30) | 0.555 | 1.47 (0.36–6.07) | 0.596 | 1.36 (0.32–5.74) | 0.675 |
| Obstructive | 11.21 (3.16–39.76) | <0.001 | 5.65 (1.22–26.16) | 0.027 | 5.68 (1.24–25.98) | 0.025 | 5.15 (1.08–24.64) | 0.040 |
| Number of diseased vesselsc | ||||||||
| Nonobstructive | 2.39 (0.65–8.83) | 0.191 | 1.55 (0.38–6.35) | 0.543 | 1.51 (0.37–6.22) | 0.569 | 1.37 (0.33–5.77) | 0.665 |
| 1‐ or 2‐VD | 8.83 (2.28–34.17) | 0.001 | 5.05 (1.06–23.98) | 0.042 | 5.34 (1.15–24.82) | 0.033 | 4.68 (0.96–22.93) | 0.057 |
| 3‐VD/LM | 18.03 (4.30–75.53) | 0.001 | 12.18 (1.77–83.57) | 0.011 | 10.59 (1.47–76.19) | 0.019 | 9.17 (1.20–70.32) | 0.033 |
| SIS (category)c | ||||||||
| 1–4 | 6.37 (2.31–17.52) | <0.001 | 4.32 (1.37–13.64) | 0.013 | 4.50 (1.46–13.87) | 0.009 | 4.38 (1.37–14.07) | 0.013 |
| ≥5 | 9.96 (2.67–37.10) | 0.001 | 5.72 (1.00–32.65) | 0.050 | 6.49 (1.15–36.65) | 0.034 | 5.68 (0.93–34.61) | 0.059 |
| SSS (category)c | ||||||||
| 1–4 | 5.36 (1.86–15.43) | 0.002 | 4.12 (1.29–13.21) | 0.017 | 4.27 (1.36–13.39) | 0.013 | 4.23 (1.30–13.74) | 0.016 |
| ≥5 | 11.34 (3.71–34.69) | <0.001 | 7.86 (1.52–40.54) | 0.014 | 8.57 (1.68–43.74) | 0.010 | 7.97 (1.43–44.46) | 0.018 |
| Modified Duke score (category)c | ||||||||
| 2 | 6.65 (2.48–17.86) | <0.001 | 5.10 (1.62–16.06) | 0.005 | 5.22 (1.72–15.82) | 0.003 | 5.38 (1.67–17.30) | 0.005 |
| ≥3 | 8.45 (3.06–23.33) | <0.001 | 6.01 (1.61–22.45) | 0.008 | 6.07 (1.62–22.69) | 0.007 | 6.06 (1.50–24.50) | 0.011 |
ASCVD indicates atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score; CACS, coronary artery calcium score; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCTA, coronary computed tomography angiography; FRS, Framingham risk score; HR, hazard ratio; IRF, individual risk factors; LM, left main; MACE, major adverse cardiac events; SIS, segment involvement score; SSS, segment stenosis score; VD, vessel disease.
All multivariable analyses were adjusted for conventional risk factors, CACS, and medication change (antiplatelet agents, statins) during the follow‐up period. As conventional risk factors, FRS, ASCVD risk score, and IRFs were used individually. The FRS and ASCVD risk score were adjusted as continuous variables. For IRFs, variables included in the FRS and ASCVD risk score (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, current smoking, diabetes mellitus, HDL [high‐density lipoprotein] cholesterol level, and total cholesterol level) were used.
CACS was adjusted as a categorical variable: 0 to 100, 101 to 400, 401–1000, >1000.
Reference categories are 0% stenosis for the severity of CAD, 0‐VD for the number of diseased vessels, 0 for SIS (category) and SSS (category), and 1 for the modified Duke score (category), respectively.