Table 3.
Psychological Benefits of Sport Participation in Cancer Patients.
| Author (Year) | Study Design | Qualitative Data Collection | Participants (Number, Cancer Type, Gender, Mean Age/Age Range) | Activity | Conclusion/Changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mitchell et al65 (2002) | ROS | Open-ended interviews | 6, BCa, female, 43-75 years | Dragon boating | Enhancement of well-being for BCa patients through participating in dragon boating. |
| Unruh et al66 (2004) | ROS | Semistructured interviews | 3, BCa, female, early 50s | Dragon boating | Dragon boating was associated with improved emotional well-being and energy for BCa patients. |
| Culos-Reed et al67 (2005) | POS | — | 109, BCa, female, 52.9 years | Dragon boating | BCa patients participating in dragon boating experienced comparable improvement in team cohesion and health-related QoL with subclinical population and healthy women, respectively. |
| Sabiston et al68 (2007) | ROS | Semistructured interviews | 20, BCa, female, 58.7 years | Dragon boating | Dragon boating was psychologically beneficial for BCa patients in facilitating social support and regaining personal control. |
| Mitchell et al69 (2007) | POS | Semistructured and open-ended interviews | 10, BCa, female, 35-70 years | Dragon boating | BCa patients experienced improved wellness and posttreatment QoL. |
| McDonough et al70 (2011) | POS | Semistructured interviews | 17, BCa, female, 51.2 years | Dragon boating | Participating in dragon boating is effective in developing social relationships and support for BCa patients. |
| Carter et al71 (2012) | NRCT | — | INT = 68, adult cancers, 53.8 years | Dragon boating | Team cohesion ↑a |
| COMP = 52, adult cancers, 58.2 years | Group-based walking | QoL ↑b | |||
| Ray et al72 (2013) | Mixed-methods sequential explanatory study | Semistructured interviews | Quantitative analysis = 100, BCa, femaleQualitative analysis = 15, BCa, female | Dragon boating | Emotional well-being ↑bSocial well-being ↑bSpiritual well-being ↑bHealth-related QoL ↑b |
| Bruun et al74 (2014) | POS | Focus group interviews | 26, PCa, male, 67.1 years | Recreational soccer | Recreational football may facilitate physical exercise participation and adherence in PCa patients. |
| Participants observation | |||||
| Robinson et al86 (2016)c | SAT | Focus group interviewsIndividual phone interviews | 11, BCa, female, 50.9 years | Team triathlon training with additional home-based program | Team participation in a supportive environment was crucial in exercise initiation and maintenance in BCa patients. |
| Ng et al80 (2017)c | SAT | — | 21, BCa, female, 48 years | Team triathlon training with additional home-based program | QoL ↑bBarriers to physical activity ↓b |
| Iacorossi et al77 (2018) | ROS | — | Group A = 50, BCa, female | Dragon boating | QoL ↑a,b |
| Group B = 50, BCa, female | Compression therapy, lymphatic drainage, Pilates/yoga/tai-chi, jogging/walking | ||||
| Bjerre et al79 (2019) | pRCT | — | INT = 109, PCa, male, 67.8 years | Recreational soccer | Mental health ↑a |
| CON = 105, PCa, male, 69 years | Physical activity advice and rehabilitation |
Abbreviations: ↑, increase; ↓, decrease; BCa, breast cancer; COMP, comparison group; CON, control group; INT, interventional group; NRCT, nonrandomized controlled trial; PCa, prostate cancer; POS, prospective observational study; pRCT, pragmatic randomized controlled trial; QoL, quality of life; ROS, retrospective observational study; SAT, single-arm trial.
a
Statistically significant from control/comparison group.
b
Statistically significant from baseline.
c
Same trial with different data collection and outcomes reported.