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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019 Jul;17(7):403–416. doi: 10.1038/s41579-019-0201-x

Figure 4: Summary of therapeutic strategies to target LPS biogenesis.

Figure 4:

Compounds have been identified that inhibit (indicated by red blocked arrows) enzymes involved in lipid A synthesis, LPS flipping by MsbA2, regulators of LPS modifications, enzymes that modify LPS, and transport of LPS to the OM. The DNA gyrase novobiocin has also been demonstrated to bind the Lpt machinery and activate LPS transport (indicated by green arrow). While this activity does not inhibit growth, it does synergistically increase the efficacy of polymyxins.