Table 2.
Unadjusted Associations Between Breast Cancer Survivors' Characteristics and Resilience (n = 540)
| Variable | Beta (95% CI) | Type III p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographics | ||
| White (vs. other race) | −0.42 (−2.6083 to 1.77) | 0.7088 |
| Hispanic/Latina ethnicity | 0.38 (−2.62 to 3.37) | 0.8095 |
| Education: <HS/HS/Tech vs. completed college | 0.06 (−3.65 to 3.77) | 0.8981 |
| Education: Some college vs. completed college | −0.19 (−2.55 to 2.18) | |
| Education: Completed graduate school vs. completed college | 0.56 (−1.15 to 2.27) | |
| Not employed vs. employed | −2.76 (−4.51 to −1.02) | 0.0044 |
| No health insurance vs. has health insurance | −8.75 (−12.37 to −5.13) | 0.0640 |
| Income: <$30k vs. $70k or more | −4.65 (−6.78 to −2.52) | 0.0006 |
| Income: $30k–<$70k vs. $70k or more | −0.64 (−2.18 to 0.91) | |
| Income: Unknown vs. $70k or more | −3.58 (−7.50 to 0.34) | |
| Has a spouse or partner vs. not | 0.40 (−2.00 to 2.80) | 0.7457 |
| Lives with spouse or partner vs. not | 1.40 (−0.81 to 3.62) | 0.2179 |
| Spouse/partner: female vs. male | 0.1539 (−1.50 to 1.80) | 0.9362 |
| Spouse/partner: none vs. male | −0.35 (−2.78 to 2.08) | |
| Marital status: never married vs. married | −0.02 (−2.08 to 2.04) | 0.5336 |
| Marital status: separated/divorced/widowed vs. married | −1.40 (−3.94 to 1.14) | |
| Medical and clinical measures | ||
| BMI (continuous) | 0.06 (−0.20 to 0.02) | 0.1345 |
| Years since first breast cancer diagnosis | 0.02 (−0.10 to 0.14) | 0.7101 |
| Stage I vs. in situ | 4.15 (1.89 to 6.42) | 0.0097 |
| Stage II vs. in situ | 3.24 (0.63 to 5.86) | |
| Stage III vs. in situ | 2.55 (−1.35 to 6.44) | |
| Stage IV vs. in situ | 2.14 (−0.17 to 4.45) | |
| Treatment: mastectomy only vs. lumpectomy | −1.75 (−3.84 to 0.33) | 0.2381 |
| Treatment: mastectomy and reconstruction vs. lumpectomy | −1.44 (−3.04 to 0.16) | |
| Treatment: neither lumpectomy nor mastectomy vs. lumpectomy | 0.49 (−4.20 to 5.18) | |
| Radiation: current vs. never | 4.33 (1.44 to 7.21) | 0.0396 |
| Radiation: past vs. never | −0.23 (−1.89 to 1.44) | |
| Chemotherapy: current vs. never | −0.27 (−2.35 to 1.81) | 0.2026 |
| Chemotherapy: past vs. never | −1.43 (−3.01 to 0.15) | |
| Hormone treatment: current vs. never | −0.17 (−1.71 to 1.36) | 0.9729 |
| Hormone treatment: past vs. never | −0.02 (−2.18 to 2.14) | |
| Comorbidities: 1 vs. 0 | 1.24 (−1.18 to 3.65) | 0.0283 |
| Comorbidities: 2 vs. 0 | −0.14 (−2.25 to 1.97) | |
| Comorbidities: 3 or more vs. 0 | −1.93 (−3.93 to 0.07) | |
| Psychosocial and interpersonal factors | ||
| Social support (ISEL scale; continuous) | 1.43 (1.08 to 1.78) | <0.0001 |
| Attended cancer support group vs. not | −2.02 (−3.64 to −0.41) | 0.0162 |
| Sought mental health counseling before breast cancer diagnosis vs. not | −3.59 (−5.03 to −2.15) | <0.0001 |
| Discrimination experience types: 1 vs. 0 | 1.26 (−0.71 to 3.22) | 0.2006 |
| Discrimination experience types: 2 or more vs. 0 | −0.74 (−2.56 to 1.08) | |
| Anxious preoccupation (Mini-MAC scale; continuous) | −0.72 (−0.86 to −0.57) | <0.0001 |
| Cognitive avoidance (Mini-MAC scale; continuous) | −0.33 (−0.68 to 0.02) | 0.0713 |
| Fatalism (Mini-MAC scale; continuous) | 0.76 (0.45 to 1.08) | <0.0001 |
| Fighting spirit combined with helplessness/hopelessness (Mini-MAC scale; continuous) | 0.75 (0.59 to 0.92) | <0.0001 |