Table 1. Overview of national parks analyzed in the study.
No | National park | Year of creation | Area (ha) | Elevation range (m) | Total number of vascular plant species | No of invasive vascular plant species | Share of invasive species in the entire flora (%) | Management of invasive plants (no of eradicated species) | Data source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Babia Góraa | 1954 | 3391 | 1025 | ca. 650 | 2 | ca. 0.31 | 1 | Babiogórski Park Narodowy, 1979; Kuligowska B. pers. comm. |
2. | Białowieżaa,c | 1947 | 10517 | 36 | 809 | 20 | 2.47 | 3 | Adamowski & Keczyński, 1998; Adamowski, Dvorak & Ramanjuk, 2002; Adamowski, 2009; Karczewska M. pers. comm. |
3. | Biebrzab | 1993 | 59223 | 27 | ca. 900 | 33 | ca. 3.67 | 9 | Tałałaj, Brzosko & Pirożnikow, 2013; Brzosko et al., 2016; Werpachowski & Biereżnoj-Bazille, 2015 |
4. | Bieszczadya | 1973 | 29201 | 696 | ca. 800 | 16 | ca. 2.00 | No data | Zemanek & Winnicki, 1999; Kucharzyk S. pers. comm. |
5. | Drawa | 1990 | 11342 | 35 | 924 | 42 | 4.65 | No data | Drawieński Park Narodowy, 2018 |
6. | Gorce | 1981 | 7031 | 610 | ca. 850 | 20 | ca. 2.35 | No data | Kozłowska-Kozak & Kozak, 2015; Czarnota P. pers. comm. |
7. | Kampinosa | 1959 | 38549 | 35 | ca. 1400 | 40 | ca. 2.86 | 4 | Otręba & Ferchmin, 2007; Obidziński, Kołaczkowska & Otręba, 2016; Bomanowska et al., 2014, Authors’ own research |
8. | Karkonoszea | 1959 | 5581 | 902 | >1000 | 8 | ca. 0.80 | 5 | Fabiszewski & Kwiatkowski, 2001; Fabiszewski & Brej, 2008; Przewoźnik L. pers. comm. |
9. | Magura | 1995 | 19439 | 496 | 771 | 10 | 1.30 | 1 | Perzanowska et al., 2014; Dajdok & Pawlaczyk, 2009; Sochacki J. pers. comm. |
10. | Narew | 1996 | 7350 | 53 | ca. 660 | 28 | ca. 4.24 | No data | Wołkowycki, Kołos & Matowicka, 2016; Laskowska I. pers. comm. |
11. | Ojców | 1956 | 2146 | 173 | ca. 1000 | 39 | ca. 3.90 | No data | Barabasz-Krasny, Sołtys & Popek, 2004; Sołtys-Lelek & Barabasz-Krasny, 2010; Sołtys-Lelek A. pers. comm. |
12. | Pieniny | 1954 | 2346 | 532 | ca. 1100 | 7 | ca. 0.64 | 1 | Wróbel, 2008; Braun M. pers. data |
13. | Polesiea | 1990 | 9764 | 33 | ca. 1000 | 10 | ca. 1.00 | No data | Poleski Park Narodowy, 2018; Kolasa Sz. pers. comm. |
14. | Roztocze | 1974 | 8483 | 130 | ca. 700 | 27 | ca. 4.00 | 1 | Lorens et al., 2013; Radliński, Tronkowska & Tittenbrun, 2015; Radliński B. pers. comm. |
15. | Słowina | 1967 | 21573 | 115 | 911 | 33 | 3.62 | No data | Piotrowska, Żukowski & Jackowiak, 1997; Sobisz & Truchan, 2008; Sobisz & Antkowiak, 2009 |
16. | Stołowe Góry | 1993 | 6340 | 519 | ca. 650 | 5 | ca. 0.77 | No data | Fabiszewski & Brej, 2008; Mańkowska-Jurek D. pers. comm. |
17. | Święty Krzyż | 1950 | 7626 | 332 | 1015 | 31 | 3.05 | No data | Bróż & Kapuściński, 2000; Sikora & Sobieraj, 2015 |
18. | Tatraa | 1954 | 21197 | 1599 | ca. 1000 | 11 | ca. 1.10 | 1 | Cichocki & Danielewicz, 1993; Dajdok & Pawlaczyk, 2009; Skrzydłowski T. pers. comm. |
19. | Tucholaa | 1996 | 4613 | 30 | 634 | 11 | 1.74 | 5 | Park Narodowy Bory Tucholskie, 2010 |
20. | Ujście Warty | 2001 | 8074 | 30 | ca. 500 | 8 | ca. 1.60 | No data | Cieślik Ł. pers. comm. |
21. | Wielkopolska | 1957 | 7584 | 32 | ca. 1120 | 37 | ca. 3.30 | No data | Żukowski et al., 1995; Danielewicz & Maliński, 1997; Wielkopolski Park Narodowy, 2018 |
22. | Wigry | 1989 | 15000 | 57 | >1000 | 13 | ca. 1.20 | 10 | Dajdok et al., 2007; Krzysztofiak & Krzysztofiak, 2015 |
23. | Wolin | 1960 | 8133 | 116 | >900 | 20 | ca. 2.22 | 1 | Woliński Park Narodowy, 2004; Dylawerski M. pers. comm. |
Notes.
UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
area included on the Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
UNESCO World Heritage site.