. 2019 Dec 2;2019:1343650. doi: 10.1155/2019/1343650

Table 1.

General characteristics of the study population.

Variables		Epileptic patients (N = 100)		Patient group (N = 50)		Control group (N = 50)
Variables		n	%	n	%	n	%
Sex ratio	Male	56	56	28	56	28	56
Sex ratio	Female	44	44	22	44	22	44

Age (years)		6.710 ± 4.358		6.220 ± 4.432		7.200 ± 4.271

Age at seizure onset (years)		3.820 ± 3.362		2.680 ± 2.470		4.960 ± 3.752

Type of seizure	Generalized	75	75	42	84	33	66
	Focal	20	20	3	6	17	34
	Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic	5	5	5	10	0	0

Epileptic syndrome	Yes	26	26	19^a	38	7^b	14
Epileptic syndrome	No	74	74	31	62	43	86

Etiology of epilepsy	Autoimmune	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Genetic	31	31	24	48	7	14
	Infectious	1	1	0	0	1	2
	Metabolic	1	1	0	0	1	2
	Structural	10	10	0	0	10	20
	Unknown	57	57	26	52	31	62

Medical history	Yes	16	16	8^c	16	8^d	16
Medical history	No	84	84	42	84	42	84

Antiepileptic treatment	Monotherapy	34	34	0	0	34^e	68
	Bitherapy	24	24	8^f	16	16^g	32
	Polytherapy	42	42	42^h	84	0	0

Values (n and %). ^aAbsences, Angelman, continuous spikes and waves during sleep (CSWS), Dalla Benardina, Doose, Dravet, Ohtahara, early myoclonic encephalopathy (EME), generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+), juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), Lennox-Gastaut, WEST. ^bAbsences, benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (BECTS), early myoclonic encephalopathy (EME), idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE), tuberous sclerosis of Bourneville (STB). ^cAppendectomy, bronchopneumopathy, dehydration and gastroenteritis, febrile seizures, mental retardation with behavioral disorder, neonatal cyanosis, recurrent bilateral otitis media, recurrent urinary tract infections, varicella ^dAppendectomy, bilateral hernia, bilateral testicular ectopia, enuresis, febrile seizures, gastroesophageal reflux, trauma, maternal-feotal infection, mumps, neonatal hypoglycemia, strabismus, stunting delay. ^eControls were prescribed single AED (carbamazepine or valproic acid). ^fPatients were prescribed a combination of 2 AEDs (carbamazepine, clonazepam, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, valproic acid, vigabatrin). ^gControls were prescribed a combination of 2 AEDs (carbamazepine, clonazepam, phenobarbital, valproic acid). ^hPatients were prescribed a combination of diverse AEDs (carbamazepine, clobazam, clonazepam, diazepam, ethosuximide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, phenobarbital, phenytoin, topiramate, valproic acid, vigabatrin).