Table 1.
Characteristics of literatures included in the meta-analysis.
| First author | Study country | Ethnicity | Study type | Study object | Age∗ | Sex§ (% male) | Matched∗∗ | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Talley et al. | America | Caucasians | Case-control | Clin (S) | 63 | 49 | Yes | — |
| Chow et al. | America | Caucasians | Case-control | Pop (A) | — | — | Yes | — |
| Grimley et al. | America | Caucasians | Case-control | Clin (A) | 70 | 70-78 | No | — |
| Öberg et al. | America | Caucasians | Case-control | Clin (A) | — | — | No | — |
| Peek et al. | America | Caucasians | Case-control | Clin (A) | 61 | 97 | No | — |
| Vieth et al. | Germany | Caucasians | Case-control | Clin (A) | — | — | — | — |
| Weston et al. | America | Caucasians | Case-control | Clin (A) | 60.6 | 100 | No | — |
| Henrik et al. | Sweden | Caucasians | Case-control | Pop (S, A) | 49.6 | — | No | — |
| Wu et al. | America | Caucasians | Case-control | Pop (A) | — | — | Yes | — |
| El-Omar et al. | America | Caucasians | Case-control | Pop (S, A) | S: 66 A: 65 |
S: 89 A: 86 |
S: No A: Yes |
— |
| Wang et al. | China | Mongolians | Case-control | Pop (S) | — | — | No | — |
| Ye et al. | Sweden | Caucasians | Case-control | Pop (S, A) | S: 64 A: 69 |
S: 69 A: 91 |
No No |
— |
| De Martel et al. | America | Caucasians | Case-control | Pop (A) | 47.9 | 80.4 | Yes | — |
| Wu et al. | China | Mongolians | Case-control | Pop (S) | — | 91.3 | No | — |
| Anandasabapathy et al. | America | Caucasians | Case-control | Clin (A) | 59.23 | 94.3 | No | — |
| Kamangar et al. | China | Mongolians | Case-control | Pop (S) | 54.5 | 46.3 | No | — |
| Iijima et al. | Japan | Mongolians | Case-control | Clin (S) | 68.6 | 90.4 | No | — |
| Simán et al. | Sweden | Caucasians | Case-control | Pop (S, A) | S: 50.6 A: 49.3 |
S: 81.1 A: 91.7 |
No No |
— |
| Anderson et al. | Ireland | Caucasians | Case-control | Pop (A) | 64.2 | 84 | No | — |
| Früh et al. | Canada | Caucasians | Case-control | Clin (A) | 64 | 88 | Yes | — |
| Löfdahl et al. | Sweden | Caucasians | Case-control | Pop (A) | — | — | No | — |
| Derakhshan et al. | Iran | Caucasians | Case-control | Clin (A) | 63.9 | 63.2 | No | — |
| Wu et al. | China | Mongolians | Case-control | Pop (S) | 58.3 | 95 | — | — |
| Hu et al. | China | Mongolians | Case-control | Clin (S) | — | 97 | Yes | — |
| Whiteman et al. | Australia | Australian | Case-control | Pop (S, A) | — | S: 58 A: 92 |
No No |
— |
| Cook et al. | Finland | Caucasians | Case-control | Pop (S) | 57.7 | — | No | — |
| Venerito et al. | Germany | Caucasians | Case-control | Clin (S) | 64.9 | 69.3 | No | — |
| Khoshbaten et al. | Iran | Caucasians | Case-control | Clin (S) | 63.9 | 64 | No | — |
| Murphy et al. | Finland | Caucasians | Case-control | Pop (S) | 57.9 | — | No | — |
| Xue et al. | China | Mongolians | Cohort | Pop (S) | 45.29 | 36.91 | — | 15 y |
| Obayo et al. | Uganda | Negroes | Case-control | Clin (S) | — | — | — | — |
| Poyrazoglu et al. | Iran | Caucasians | Case-control | Clin (S) | — | — | No | — |
| Sonnenberg et al. | America | Mixed race | Case-control | Clin (A) | 66.8 | 79.3 | No | — |
| Tseng et al. | China | Mongolians | Case-control | Pop (S) | — | — | — | — |
| Vohlonen et al. | Finland | Caucasians | Cohort | Pop (S, A) | — | 100 | No | 15 y |
Note: ∗average or median age in case group; §the proportion of males in the case group; ∗∗does the case group match the age, sex, or race of the control group? Clin: clinical-based; Pop: population-based; S: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; A: esophageal adenocarcinoma.