Table 3.
Comparison Between Obesity with Low Muscle Mass and obesity with Normal Muscle Mass Groups Regarding Clinical, Anthropometric, Muscle Function Variables and Metabolic Profile for Each MMI Evaluated
| Variables | ASM/wt × 100, % | ASM/BMI, m2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OLMM (n=18) | ONMM (n=41) | p-value | OLMM (n=12) | ONMM (n=47) | p-value | |
| MMI | 0.170±0.01 | 0.200±0.01 | <0.001 | 0.390±0.01 | 0.530±0.06 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 39.39±11.48 | 39.46±8.16 | 0.980 | 41.83±11.20 | 38.83±8.65 | 0.317 |
| Wt (kg) | 106.12±12.43 | 109.86±14.84 | 0.354 | 102.97±10.50 | 110.19±14.70 | 0.116 |
| Ht (m) | 1.54±0.05 | 1.61±0.06 | <0.001 | 1.50±0.02 | 1.61±0.05 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 44.28±3.72 | 42.08±4.92 | 0.097 | 45.44±4.01 | 42.07±4.60 | 0.024 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 109±14 | 114±16 | 0.330 | 116±14 | 112±16 | 0.356 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 73±10 | 74±10 | 0.689 | 76±8 | 73±11 | 0.366 |
| BFP (%) | 54.55±1.37 | 50.67±3.23 | <0.001 | 54.63±1.40 | 51.14±3.30 | 0.001 |
| Dominant HS (kg) | 24.16±3.31 | 30.69±4.65 | <0.001 | 23.19±3.30 | 30.22±4.60 | <0.001 |
| Non-dominant HS (kg) | 22.67±3.00 | 29.75±4.88 | <0.001 | 21.93±3.30 | 29.16±4.90 | <0.001 |
| 6MWT (m) | 359±51 | 380±61 | 0.225 | 338± 51 | 383 ±57 | 0.017 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 176.9±34.9 | 182.5±34.6 | 0.570 | 173.0±31.6 | 182.7±35.0 | 0.386 |
| LDL-c (mg/dL) | 99.8±32.2 | 107.9±28.0 | 0.339 | 92.1±22.0 | 108.8±30.0 | 0.079 |
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | 52.5±15.2 | 49.8±8.6 | 0.372 | 55.8±16.0 | 49.3±9.0 | 0.194 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)a | 112 (90–138) | 114 (97–135) | 0.935 | 114 (88–149) | 113 (97–132) | 0.956 |
| Insulin (uU/mL)a | 16.61 (12.43–21.75) | 19.49 (15.80–24.28) | 0.596 | 15.95 (11.93–21.10) | 18.72 (15.32–22.86) | 0.495 |
| HOMA-IRa | 3.66 (2.77–4.80) | 4.39 (3.63–5.86) | 0.334 | 3.56 (2.61–4.90) | 4.43 (3.59–5.47) | 0.281 |
| C-RP (mg/L)a | 5.81 (3.98–8.84) | 5.47 (3.89–7.24) | 0.812 | 5.20 (3.03–8.84) | 5.75 (4.34–7.61) | 0.389 |
| FG (mg/dL) | 90.3±14.4 | 101.2±29.5 | 0.142 | 92.2±14.0 | 99.4±28.0 | 0.405 |
| HbA1c (%)a | 5.98 (3.85–8.84) | 6.10 (5.75–6.42) | 0.747 | 6.23 (5.81–6.68) | 6.04 (5.75–6.29) | 0.514 |
Notes: Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation unless indicated otherwise. aGeometric mean (confidence interval). ASM/wt × 100 (%): ASM adjusted for weight; ASM/BMI (m2): ASM adjusted for BMI. Student test was used for comparisons between OLMM and ONMM groups. p values < 0.05 were considered significant.
Abbreviations: ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; OLMM, obesity with low muscle mass; ONMM, obesity with low muscle mass; MMI, muscle mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BFP, body fat percentage; HS, hand strength; 6MWT, six-minute walk test; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; C-RP, high sensitivity quantitative C-reactive protein; FG, fasting glucose; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin.