Table 2. .

Types of metal artefact reduction

Metal artefact reduction strategy	Basis of effect
View angle tilting (VAT)	Application of an additional compensated slice-selection gradient during readout resulting in a section that appears tilted.
WARP	Proprietary form of metal artefact reduction with multidirectional VAT.
Multiacquisition with variable-resonance image combination	SE sequence utilising frequency-selective excitations and multidirectional VAT with a 3D readout.
Slice encoding for metal artefact correction (SEMAC)	2D TSE technique applying additional z-phase encoding steps in the slice direction for each slice followed by algorithmic distortion correction.
Multiple slab acquisition with VAT (MSVAT)- SPACE	Multiple thin-slabs with oversampling.

Common strategies employed to reduce metal artefacts on MRI.^116,117