Table 6.
OLS and 2SLS estimates of years of education on potential mechanisms.
| (1) Smoking |
(2) Drinking |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (a) OLS | (b) 2SLS, PGS | (a) OLS | (b) 2SLS, PGS | |
| Years of education | −0.018 | −0.038 | 0.085 | −0.113 |
| [−0.022, −0.014] | [−0.067, −0.086] | [0.081, 0.088] | [−0.950, 0.724] | |
| Observations | 3912 | 3912 | 2136 | 2136 |
| R2 | 0.052 | 0.045 | ||
| F statistics | 18.34⁎⁎⁎ | 19.74⁎⁎ | ||
| p-Value DWH test | 0.1746 | 0.8172 | ||
| (3) Exercise |
(4) Marital stability |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (a) OLS | (b) 2SLS, PGS | (a) OLS | (b) 2SLS, PGS | |
| Years of education | −0.095 | −0.510 (0.347) | 0.237 | 0.271 |
| [−0.099, −0.091] | [−1.190, 1.170] | [0.059, 0.415] | [0.167, 0.375] | |
| Observations | 3565 | 3565 | 3841 | 3841 |
| R2 | 0.024 | 0.256 | ||
| F statistics | 13.22⁎⁎⁎ | 16.19⁎⁎⁎ | ||
| p-Value DWH test | 0.1762 | 0.0368 | ||
| (5) Spouse's education level |
(6) Life satisfaction |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (a) OLS | (b) 2SLS, PGS | (a) OLS | (b) 2SLS, PGS | |
| Years of education | 0.505 | 0.578 | 0.069 | −0.074 |
| [0.472, 0.538] | [0.153, 1.003] | [0.065, 0.073] | [−0.174, 0.026] | |
| Observations | 2554 | 2554 | 3629 | 3629 |
| R2 | 0.266 | 0.027 | ||
| F statistics | 13.41⁎⁎⁎ | 14.35⁎⁎⁎ | ||
| p-Value DWH test | 0.0693 | 0.4251 | ||
| (7) Household wealth |
(8) Health insurance |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (a) OLS | (b) 2SLS, PGS | (a) OLS | (b) 2SLS, PGS | |
| Years of education | 0.251 | 0.273 | 0.028 | 0.038 |
| [0.210, 0.292] | [−0.121, 0.667] | [0.022, 0.034] | [−0.042, 0.118] | |
| Observations | 3841 | 3841 | 3841 | 3841 |
| R2 | 0.046 | 0.058 | ||
| F statistics | 13.42⁎⁎⁎ | 16.91⁎⁎⁎ | ||
| p-Value DWH test | 0.1562 | 0.7648 | ||
Significance level: * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001
Note: All regressions include respondent's age, age squared, gender, and top 10 principal components for their respective population stratification. Smoking is measured by whether the respondent smokes at wave 9 (yes = 1, M = 0.12 SD = 0.33); drinking is measured by number of days per week the respondent drinks alcohol (M = 2.44 SD = 2.59); exercise is measured by how often the respondent walks for 20 min (daily 1 – not in last month 6, M = 3.46 SD = 1.94); Marital stability is measure by length of longest marriage in years (M = 35.86, SD = 16.53); Spousal educational attainment is measure by current spouse's years of education completed (M = 13.25, SD = 2.56); life satisfaction is measure by “I am satisfied with my life” (strongly disagree 1 = strongly agree 7, M = 5.47, SD = 1.68); household wealth is measure by natural log transformed household total wealth (M = 11.41, SD = 3.35); health insurance is measured by the level of health insurance the respondent has (M = 0.72, SD = 0.58). DWH refers to the Durbin-Wu-Hausman test.