Table 1.

Co-occurring diseases in ASD (from ref [29])

Brain-related comorbidities
Altered metabolite profile in urine and blood
Fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome and tuberous sclerosis
Mitochondrial dysfunction
Gut-related co-morbidities
Gastrointestinal symptoms
Increased permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier
Decreased expression of brush-border disaccharides in the intestinal epithelium
Other co-morbidities
Altered expression of tight junction protein in the BBL
Increased amounts of activated microglia cells