Table 2.
Risk of bias assessment using ROBINS-I.
| Author | Types of research | Pre-intervention |
At intervention | Postintervention |
Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bias due to confounding | Bias in selection of participants into study | Bias in classification of interventions | Bias due to deviations from intended interventions | Bias due to missing data |
Bias in measurement of outcomes | Bias in selection of the reported outcomes | Total bias | ||
| Khaled Abdel-Kader (2018) | Prospective cohort study | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Bellal Joseph (2016) | Prospective cohort study | Low risk | Moderate risk | Low risk | Moderate risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
| Sarah Marton (2018) | Prospective cohort study | Low risk | Moderate risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
| Seon Ha Beak (2016) | Retrospective cohort study | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |