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. 2019 Sep 19;71(1):138–153. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erz407

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

Histological images of the ventral crease region in WT and transgenic (18-6) barley grain. The endosperm transfer cells (ETCs) in the WT appear intact (A, C, and E) while the ETCs in transgenic grain are poorly formed in the region adjacent to the emerging cavity and start to be disrupted during the early storage phase (B, D, and F). ETCs in WT grain are denser with thicker cell walls (G) compared with loosely organized ETCs with thinner cell walls in transgenic grain (H) at 10 DAP. (I) and (J) Immunodetection of mannan [(1–4)-β-d-mannan and galacto-(1–4)-β-d-mannan antibody] revealed stronger fluorescence in the cell walls of WT ETCs relative to transgenic grain at 9 DAP. (A–F) Toluidine blue-stained grain sections under ×4 magnification; scale bars=100 µm. (G) and (H) ×60 magnification; scale bars=10 µm. (I) and (J) ×20 magnification; scale bars=50 µm. Abbreviations: cavity (c), cell wall (cw), endosperm (e), endosperm transfer cell (etc), nucellar projection (np), pericarp (p), starch granule (sg).