Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| Variable | No cardiac index measurement (n=292) | Cardiac index measurement (n=783) | Total (N=1075) | P value | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 62 (14) | 62 (15) | 62 (15) | .75 | |
| Male gender, n (%) | 188 (64) | 486 (62) | 674 (63) | .49 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 27.5 (5.4) | 26.7 (5.6) | 26.9 (5.5) | .04 | |
| Arterial pressure (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 78 (14) | 79 (14) | 78 (14) | .30 | |
| Heart rate (bpma), mean (SD) | 87 (22) | 88 (21) | 88 (21) | .35 | |
| Irregular heart rhythm, n (%) | 28 (10) | 88 (11) | 116 (11) | .44 | |
| Central venous pressure (mm Hg), median (IQR) | 9 (5, 12) | 9 (5, 13) | 9 (5, 13) | .74 | |
| Patients administered noradrenaline, n (%) | 142 (49) | 386 (49) | 528 (49) | .85 | |
| Urine output (mL/kg/h), median (IQR) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.2) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) | 0.6 (0.4, 1.2) | .22 | |
| Respiratory rate (bpm), mean (SD) | 18 (5) | 18 (6) | 18 (6) | .50 | |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 179 (61) | 452 (58) | 631 (59) | .29 | |
| Positive end-expiratory pressure (cm H2O), median (IQR) | 7 (5, 8) | 7 (5, 8) | 7 (5, 8) | .41 | |
| Central temperature (°C), mean (SD) | 37.0 (0.9) | 36.9 (0.9) | 36.9 (0.9) | .84 | |
| Difference between central temperature and temperature of the dorsum of the foot (°C), mean (SD) | 7.7 (3.2) | 7.8 (3.2) | 7.8 (3.2) | .66 | |
| Subjective “cold” temperature, n (%) | 109 (37.6) | 289 (37.1) | 398 (37.2) | .88 | |
| Capillary refill time |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Knee (s), median (IQR) | 3.0 (2.0, 4.5) | 3.0 (2.0, 4.5) | 3.0 (2.0, 4.5) | .48 |
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|
Sternum (s), median (IQR) | 2.8 (2.0, 3.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 3.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 3.0) | .84 |
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Finger (s), median (IQR) | 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) | 2.5 (2.0, 4.0) | 2.5 (2.0, 4.0) | .37 |
| Mottling rate, mean (SD) | .64 | ||||
|
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None | 157 (58.8) | 397 (56.8) | 554 (57.3) |
|
|
|
Mild | 24 (9.0) | 79 (11.3) | 103 (10.7) |
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|
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Moderate | 75 (28.1) | 201 (28.8) | 276 (28.6) |
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Severe | 11 (4.1) | 22 (3.1) | 33 (3.4) |
|
| Hemoglobin (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 6.8 (1.5) | 6.8 (1.4) | 6.8 (1.4) | .90 | |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.4) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.2) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.2) | .79 | |
| ICUb length of stay (days) | 3.5 (1.9, 6.9) | 3.1 (1.9, 6.5) | 3.2 (1.9, 6.6) | .29 | |
| SAPSc II (points) | 47 (37, 58) | 44 (34, 56) | 45 (35, 57) | .037 | |
| APACHEd IV score (points) | 77 (56, 92) | 73 (55, 91) | 74 (56, 92) | .14 | |
| 90-day mortality, n (%) | 81 (27.7) | 217 (27.7) | 298 (27.7) | .99 | |
| Cardiac function estimate, n (%) | .004 | ||||
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Poor | 8 (2.8) | 18 (2.3) | 26 (2.4) |
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Moderate | 46 (15.9) | 165 (21.1) | 211 (19.7) |
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Reasonable | 164 (56.6) | 349 (44.6) | 513 (47.8) |
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|
|
Good | 72 (24.8) | 251 (32.1) | 323 (30.1) |
|
abpm: beats per minute.
bICU: intensive care unit.
cSAPS: Simplified Acute Physiology Score.
dAPACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation.