FIG. 7.

(A) The mean latency ± standard deviation for Morris Water Maze (MWM) behavioral outcome 8 weeks following transplantation reveals the beneficial effect of transplantation. Results across four acquisition days are compared between sham (no penetrating ballistic-like brain injury [PBBI], no cells), vehicle (PBBI, no cells), and transplant (PBBI, cell transplant) groups. Non-uniform latency to platform can be seen in all experimental groups from day 1 to day 4 of testing. By day 4, latency to reach platform was significantly lower in the sham group (blue) than in the vehicle group (red) (p < 0.01). Latency to reach the platform was also lower in the transplant (green) group than in the vehicle group (p < 0.05). Latency was not significantly different between the transplant and sham groups on any of the test days. There were no significant differences in latency on days 1–3 between any groups. The sham group reduced latency significantly from day 1 to day 2 and from day 3 to day 4 (p < 0.01). Vehicle group did not reduce latency significantly between concurrent days, but improved from day 1 to day 3 (p < 0.05). The transplant group reduced latency significantly across each concurrent day of testing (D1->D2->D3->D4, p < 0.05 each) (A). A one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for just the acquisition day 4 data revealed significant differences between sham and PBBI+ vehicle or PBBI+vehicle and PBBI+transplant (**p < 0.001) (B). Path lengths did not differ significantly on a two way ANOVA (C). One way ANOVA of just the acquisition day 4 path length was significant for sham (blue) versus vehicle (red) (**p < 0.001) as well as vehicle (red) versus transplant (green) (*p < 0.05) (D). The path length tracings of a representative animal of each group from four release points (North = N, South = S, East = E, West = W) are shown in E.