Table 1. Mean log10 E. coli concentration in environmental samples from 10 Dhaka city neighborhoods, 2017.
| Environmental Samples, Mean log10 MPN E. coli concentration (SD) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neighborhoods | Latrine swabb | Soild | Drain watera | Bathing watera | Municipal drinking watera | Non- municipal watera | Surface watera | Producec | Street foodd | Flood watera |
| N = 10 Samples/neighborhood | ||||||||||
| Floating communities | ||||||||||
| Gabtoli (N) | 0.04 (0.63) | 3.11 (1.02) |
6.69 (0.97) |
0.33 (0.87) |
0.12 (0.64) |
-0.15 (0.21) |
5.77 (1.32) |
3.37 (1.60) | 1.79 (1.55) |
4.21 (1.64) |
| Kamalapur (S) | 0.79 (1.02) | 3.06 (0.53) |
6.23 (1.23) |
1.62‡ (1.24) |
1.16 (1.59) |
0.67§ (0.84) | 5.02 (1.28) |
3.52 (1.45) | 2.04 (1.0) |
4.81 (0.74) |
| Unstructured slums | ||||||||||
| Kalshi (N) | 0.05 (0.64) | 2.26 (1.49) |
6.64 (0.78) |
2.12 (0.89) |
0.16 (0.57) |
0.69 (1.27) |
6.05 (0.74) |
2.57 (1.23) | 1.44 (1.27) |
4.57 (0.57) |
| Shampur (S) | -0.06 (0.29) | 2.00 (1.09) |
7.61§ (0.65) |
2.57 (1.57) |
2.71|| (1.55) | -0.19‡ (0.34) | 5.86 (0.92) |
3.55 (1.59) | 0.76 (0.86) |
4.52 (1.15) |
| Structured slums | ||||||||||
| Badda (N) | 0.26 (0.65) |
3.19 (1.49) |
6.76 (1.10) |
0.71 (0.92) |
0.11 (0.72) |
1.09 (0.93) |
5.55 (0.92) |
3.46 (1.25) | 2.26 (1.02) |
4.88 (0.39) |
| Hazaribag (S) | 0.64 (0.99) | 2.82 (1.01) |
7.43 (0.41) |
2.28‡ (1.06) |
3.20|| (0.84) |
1.67 (1.21) |
7.38|| (0.01) | 2.85 (1.06) | 2.02 (0.66) |
5.47 (0.89) |
| Non-slum with poor WASH | ||||||||||
| Uttarkhan (N) | 0.36 (0.96) | 1.08 (1.36) |
7.00 (0.62) |
1.07 (1.21) |
1.96 (1.62) |
-0.12 (0.25) |
4.51 (1.29) |
2.87 (1.29) | 1.79 (1.21) |
4.02 (0.68) |
| Motijheel (S) | 0.12 (0.76) | 2.29‡ (0.60) |
6.68 (1.00) |
1.62 (1.10) |
1.57 (1.0.2) |
0.32 (0.69) |
3.43‡ (0.71) | 3.14‡ (1.18) | 1.92 (1.05) |
4.81‡ (0.75) |
| Non-slum with improved WASH | ||||||||||
| Gulshan (N) | -0.15 (0.01) | 1.57 (1.30) |
7.01 (0.49) |
0.18 (0.87) |
-0.47 (0.71) |
0.01 (0.48) |
5.07 (0.64) |
3.23 (1.47) | 1.34 (1.05) |
4.62 (0.38) |
| Dhanmondi (S) | -0.05 (0.26) | 1.60 (1.02) |
7.15 (1.14) |
0.89 (1.45) |
0.82 (1.33) |
0.50 (0.72) |
4.16§ (0.53) | 3.36 (1.66) | 2.58‡ (1.36) | 4.07 (1.56) |
| Mean log10 E. coli in 10 study neighborhoods | 0.20 (0.73) | 2.29 (1.29) |
6.91 (0.92) |
1.34 (1.34) |
1.17 (1.55) |
0.45 (0.94) |
5.28 (1.37) |
3.19 (1.36) | 1.79 (1.18) |
4.60 (1.02) |
| Mean difference DNCC minus DSCC (95% CI) | -0.17 (-0.47, 0.11) |
0.09 (-0.60, 0.42) |
-0.20 (-0.57, 0.16) |
-0.91 (-1.42, -0.41)|| |
-1.43 (-1.98, -0.89)|| |
-0.29 (-0.66, 0.08) |
0.22 (-0.32, 0.77) |
-0.18 (-0.72, 0.36) |
-0.14 (-0.61, 0.33) |
-0.27 (-0.68, 0.13) |
N = Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC), S = Dhaka South City corporation (DSCC)
‡Level of significance between neighborhoods at P<0.05
§Level of significance at P<0.01
||Level of significance at P<0.001, Bold digits: Highest mean log10 E. coli concentration in specific type of environmental sample
aAll water samples including drains were reported as MPN of E.coli/100 mL
bLatrine swabs were reported as MPN of E. coli/swab
cProduce were reported as MPN of E. coli/single serving
dStreet food and soil samples were reported as MPN of E. coli/gram.