Table 1.
Study sample characteristics by childhood exposure to parental IPV
| Total (n = 33,360) |
IPV Exposure (n = 5,413) |
No IPV Exposure (n = 27,947) |
p-value1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 48.0 (14,071) | 44.8 (2,117) | 48.6 (11,954) | <0 001 |
| Female | 52.0 (19,289) | 55.2 (3,296) | 51.4 (15,993) | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | 71.4 (19,602) | 65.8 (2,811) | 72.4 (16,791) | |
| Black | 10.9 (6,237) | 13.8 (1,238) | 10.3 (4,999) | |
| American Indian | 2.2 (550) | 3.5 (144) | 1.9 (406) | <0.001 |
| Asian, Native Hawaiian, Pacific | 4.2 (909) | 3.6 (144) | 4.3 (774) | |
| Islander | 11.4 (6,062) | 13.2 (1,085) | 11.1 (4,977) | |
| Hispanic or Latino2 | ||||
| Age3 (years) | ||||
| 18-24 | 13.1 (3,847) | 12.1 (594) | 13.3 (3,253) | |
| 25-34 | 18.4 (6,009) | 19.5 (1,060) | 18.2 (4,949) | |
| 35-44 | 21.2 (7,258) | 25.1 (1,377) | 20.5 (5,881) | <0 001 |
| 45-54 | 18.9 (6,285) | 21.9 (1,194) | 18.4 (5,091) | |
| 55-64 | 12.3 (4,232) | 12.3 (679) | 12.3 (3,553) | |
| ≥ 65 | 16.1 (5,729) | 9.1 (509) | 17.4 (5,220) | |
| Government assistance before age 18 | 13.2 (4,971) | 27.0 (1,597) | 10.8 (3,374) | <0.001 |
| US born | 86.4 (28,297) | 88.1 (4,684) | 86.1 (23,613) | 0.01 |
| Childhood history before age 18 | ||||
| Sexual abuse | 10.1 (3,675) | 26.1 (1,505) | 7.3 (2,170) | <0.001 |
| Physical abuse | 17.2 (6,044) | 48.6 (2,621) | 11.7 (3,421) | <0.001 |
| Emotional abuse | 7.7 (2,762) | 27.9 (1,525) | 4.2 (1,237) | <0.001 |
| Physical neglect | 30.5 (10,450) | 61.5 (3,332) | 25.0 (7,118) | <0.001 |
| Emotional neglect | 9.1 (3,191) | 22.6 (1,214) | 6.7 (1,977) | <0.001 |
| Household dysfunction | 26.7 (9,109) | 63.5 (3,415) | 20.2 (5,694) | <0.001 |
| Biological/adoptive parent died | 9.8 (3,625) | 10.2 (621) | 9.8 (3,004) | 0.44 |
| Mental health history by outcomes | ||||
| Mood disorder | ||||
| Prior to early sex | 5.4 (1,763) | 7.3 (404) | 5.0 (1,359) | <0.001 |
| Prior to full-time work | 8.2 (2,955) | 12.6 (727) | 7.4 (2,228) | <0.001 |
| Prior to early marriage | 10.9 (3,820) | 17.2 (976) | 9.8 (2,844) | <0.001 |
| Prior to early parenthood | 11.9 (3,982) | 17.1 (914) | 10.9 (3,068) | <0.001 |
| Prior to high school dropout | 3.2 (1,058) | 6.3 (341) | 2.7 (717) | <0.001 |
| Prior to runaway | 1.6 (517) | 3.2 (172) | 1.3 (345) | <0.001 |
| Anxiety disorder | ||||
| Prior to early sex | 11.8 (4,035) | 17.6 (974) | 10.8 (3,061) | <0.001 |
| Prior to full-time work | 14.7 (5,167) | 22.9 (1,289) | 13.2 (3,878) | <0.001 |
| Prior to early marriage | 16.6 (5,840) | 25.9 (1,453) | 14.9 (4,387) | <0.001 |
| Prior to early parenthood | 17.4 (6,015) | 26.2 (1,432) | 15.9 (4,583) | <0.001 |
| Prior to high school dropout | 10.5 (3,573) | 17.6 (962) | 9.2 (2,611) | <0.001 |
| Prior to runaway | 8.3 (2,867) | 14.7 (796) | 7.2 (2,071) | <0.001 |
| Conduct or antisocial personality disorder | ||||
| Prior to early sex | 2.6 (775) | 5.5 (264) | 2.0 (511) | <0.001 |
| Prior to full-time work | 3.1 (946) | 6.9 (333) | 2.4 (613) | <0.001 |
| Prior to early marriage | 3.5 (1,073) | 7.9 (382) | 2.7 (691) | <0.001 |
| Prior to early parenthood | 3.5 (1,065) | 7.8 (375) | 2.7 (690) | <0.001 |
| Prior to high school dropout | 3.1 (959) | 7.1 (342) | 2.4 (617) | <0.001 |
| Prior to runaway4 | 1.7 (522) | 3.7 (180) | 1.4 (243) | <0.001 |
| Substance abuse | ||||
| Prior to early sex | 7.2 (2,113) | 8.0 (386) | 7.0 (1,727) | 0.09 |
| Prior to full-time work | 11.5 (3,678) | 15.1 (766) | 10.9 (2,912) | <0.001 |
| Prior to early marriage | 25.5 (7,878) | 32.3 (1,622) | 24.3 (6,256) | <0.001 |
| Prior to early parenthood | 26.7 (8,087) | 32.8 (1,582) | 25.6 (6,505) | <0.001 |
| Prior to high school dropout | 2.5 (787) | 5.5 (274) | 2.0 (513) | <0.001 |
| Prior to runaway | 0.35 (102) | 0.95 (44) | 0.25 (58) | <0.001 |
Note: Data are presented as % (n). All n values were unweighted, and all percentages were weighted.
1
p-values based on χ2-tests
2
Non-Hispanic data presented for White, Black, American Indian, and Asian, Native Hawaiian, & Pacific Islanders
3
Age presented is at Wave 1 interview
4
Provided for informational purposes only; not examined as confounder (see text)