Table 4.
Young Adults admitted with DKA/HHS: Diabetes History, Hospital Admission Characteristics, and Chronic Complications/Comorbidities by Admission HbA1c
| Characteristic | HbA1c<9.0% [<75mmol/mol] (n=20) | 9.0% ≤ HbA1c <12.0% (n=75) | HbA1c ≥12.0% [≥108mmol/mol] (n=116) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes History | |||
| Diabetes Type (%) | |||
| Type 1 | 90.0 | 74.7 | 67.2 |
| Type 2 | 10.0 | 25.3 | 32.8 |
| Age at Diagnosis, years (mean, sd) | 14.42 (5.33) | 18.78 (8.76) | 19.39 (8.25) |
| Duration of Disease, years (mean, sd) | 13.56 (5.32) | 8.06 (7.69) | 6.32 (6.25)*+ |
| Hospital Admission | |||
| Precipitating factors for admission (%) | |||
| Non-adherence | 55.0 | 57.3 | 62.1 |
| Infection | 30.0 | 18.7 | 16.4 |
| New Onset | 0.0 | 16.0 | 14.7 |
| Other | 15.0 | 8.0 | 6.9 |
| Length of Stay, days (mean, sd) | 4.75 (4.83) | 4.00 (3.81) | 3.8 (3.74) |
| Admission to ICU | |||
| ICU Admission (%) | 25.0 | 18.7 | 7.8 |
| ICU Length of Stay, days (mean, sd) | 1.75 (3.76) | 0.51 (1.21) | 0.14 (0.56)+ ± |
| Glycemic Control (mean, sd) | |||
| Admission HbA1c, % | 7.78 (0.78) [62 mmol/mol] |
10.51 (0.86) [91 mmol/mol] |
14.37 (1.39) § [134 mmol/mol] |
| Prior HbA1c, % | 9.30 (2.41) [78 mmol/mol] |
10.12 (2.60) [87 mmol/mol] |
12.29 (2.57)*ǁ [111 mmol/mol] |
| Chronic Complications/Comorbidities | |||
| Chronic Diabetes Complications (%) | |||
| Any Diabetes Complication | 60.0 | 44.0 | 43.1 |
| Macrovascular complications | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 |
| Microvascular complications | 25.0 | 16.0 | 14.7 |
| Other diabetes complications | 55.0 | 37.3 | 31.9 |
| Obesity | |||
| BMI (mean, sd) | 25.64 (5.99) | 29.81 (11.27) | 27.33 (8.04) |
| Underweight (%) | 0.0 | 5.3 | 4.3 |
| Normal weight (%) | 50.0 | 33.3 | 36.2 |
| Overweight (%) | 25.0 | 20.0 | 23.3 |
| Obese (%) | 20.0 | 30.7 | 26.7 |
| Mental Health (%) | |||
| Any mental health co-morbidity | 30.0 | 34.7 | 36.1 |
| Substance use | 25.0 | 17.3 | 12.1 |
| Depression | 5.0 | 17.3 | 21.6 |
*
significant difference between HbA1c <9.0% and HbA1c ≥12.0% at alpha p<0.05
+
significant difference between HbA1c <9% and 9.0% ≤HbA1c <12.0% at alpha p<0.05
±
significant difference between HBA1c <9.0% and HbA1c ≥12% at alpha p<0.001
§
significant difference between all groups at alpha p<0.001
ǁ
significant difference between 9.0% ≤HbA1c <12.0% and HbA1c ≥ 12.0% at alpha p<0.05