Table 1. Random-effects meta-analysis across journals of model coefficients from log-linear regression.

A positive coefficient (column 3) means that Attention Score or number of citations increases as that variable increases (or if the article had a preprint or had an author with a U.S. affiliation or a Nature Index affiliation). However, coefficients for some variables have different units and are not directly comparable. P-values were adjusted using the Bonferroni-Holm procedure, based on having fit two models for each journal. Effectively, for each variable, the procedure multiplied the lesser p-value by two and left the other unchanged. Meta-analysis statistics for the intercept and publication date are shown in Supplementary file 8.

Metric	Article-level variable	Coef.	Std. error	95% CI (lower)	95% CI (upper)	p-value	Adj. p-value
Attention Score	Had a preprint	0.575	0.036	0.502	0.647	1.91e-18	3.82e-18
	log2(number of authors)	0.129	0.015	0.099	0.158	1.04e-10	1.04e-10
	log2(number of references + 1)	0.070	0.021	0.027	0.113	2.10e-03	2.10e-03
	Had an author with U.S. affiliation	0.143	0.021	0.100	0.187	6.08e-08	6.08e-08
	Had an author with Nature Index affiliation	0.147	0.020	0.106	0.188	1.20e-08	2.41e-08
	Last author publication age (yrs)	−0.009	0.001	−0.011	−0.007	5.86e-10	1.17e-09
Citations	Had a preprint	0.442	0.031	0.380	0.505	7.38e-17	7.38e-17
	log2(number of authors)	0.181	0.009	0.163	0.200	9.76e-22	1.95e-21
	log2(number of references + 1)	0.217	0.020	0.176	0.258	4.87e-13	9.73e-13
	Had an author with U.S. affiliation	0.079	0.011	0.057	0.102	1.49e-08	2.98e-08
	Had an author with Nature Index affiliation	0.100	0.015	0.071	0.130	3.46e-08	3.46e-08
	Last author publication age (yrs)	−0.003	0.001	−0.004	−0.001	8.61e-05	8.61e-05