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. 2019 Nov 26;11(22):10252–10265. doi: 10.18632/aging.102453

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Copyright © 2019 Han et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Metformin inhibited the inflammatory gene expression in rabbit AF cells induced by LPS. (A) TNF-a gene expression. (B) IL-b1 gene expression. (C) COX-2 gene expression. (D) IL-6 gene expression. (E) MMP-3 gene expression. (F) MMP-13 gene expression. (G) Collagen I gene expression. (H) Collagen II gene expression. LPS increased the expression of all tested inflammatory-related genes and MMPs, but decreased the levels of collagen type I and type II. The LPS effect was inhibited by metformin. *p<0.05 to the control group. ^#p<0.05 compared to the cells treated with LPS.