TABLE 1.
Mutations in amphipathic helices of fission-inducing proteins that inhibit or promote the ability of these proteins to generate membrane curvature.
| Protein | Amino acid mutations and effects | Amphipathic helix |
| Arf1 | I4Q, I4Q/F5E: reduced tubulation (Krauss et al., 2008). F5W, numerous membrane tubules at a frequency approx. three times higher than wt (Krauss et al., 2008) | G2-R19 (Krauss et al., 2008) |
| Sar1 (mammalian) | Y9F/G11P/S14F: deficiency in vesicle release (Bielli et al., 2005) | M1-F18 (Bielli et al., 2005) |
| Sar1p (yeast) | W4A, I6A/F7A, W9A, F10A: deficient in tubulation (Lee et al., 2005) | M1-G18 (Lee et al., 2005) |
| Endophilin A1 | F10E: reduced tubulation (Farsad et al., 2001; Gallop et al., 2006). K76E/R78E: tubulation decreased (Gallop et al., 2006). A66D: lost ability to form tubes (Masuda et al., 2006). A63S/A66S, A63S/A66S/M70Q: reduced number of tubes (Masuda et al., 2006). A66W: switched the bilayer deformation to vesiculation (Masuda et al., 2006; Suresh and Edwardson, 2010) | H0 helix: S2-K16; insert helix: A63-G79 (Ambroso et al., 2014) |
| Epsin | L6E: less efficient vesiculation (Boucrot et al., 2012), L6Q: failed to tubulate, L6H: less markedly tubulation (Ford et al., 2002). L6W: increase in vesiculation (Ford et al., 2002; Boucrot et al., 2012) | S4-V14 (Lai et al., 2012) |
| Caveolin-1 | S80E, F81E, W85E: reduction in the potential to perform fission (Ariotti et al., 2015) | S80-T95 (Parton et al., 2006; Kirkham et al., 2008) |
| Atg2A (mammalian) | P1750E/V1754E/F1758E/F1761E/L1765E: defects in autophagy (Tamura et al., 2017) | P1750-L1767 (Tamura et al., 2017) |
| Atg2 (yeast) | F1352D/I1355D: defects in autophagy (Kotani et al., 2018) | A1347-E1373 (Kotani et al., 2018) |
| Pex11B (mammalian) | L58E/L61E/A65E, L59P/D66P: lack fission activity (Yoshida et al., 2015) | S53-S70 (Yoshida et al., 2015) |
| Pex11p (fungal) | I69W/A83W: increase in tubulation (Opaliński et al., 2011). I69E/I72E/F75E, M70P/E77P: tubulation was completely impaired (Opaliński et al., 2011). F75R/H78R/L79R: lower ability to deform liposomes (Su et al., 2018) | T66-A83 (Opaliński et al., 2011) |
| AtPmtA (bacterial) | F13A/V24A: abolished membrane-remodeling activity (Danne et al., 2017b) | K6-V24 (Danne et al., 2017b) |
| M2 from influenza A virus | F47A/F48A/I51A/Y52A/F55A (Rossman et al., 2010), in five residues (F47, F48, I51, Y52, F55) two were mutated to alanine at a time (Roberts et al., 2013): loss of scission | R45-G62 (Rossman et al., 2010) |