TABLE 2.

Diagnostic and prognostic application of EVs in OSCC, based on population study.

Authors (year)	Title	Cases	Controls	Type of alteration	Application	Results
Winck et al., 2015	Insights into immune responses in oral cancer through proteomic analysis of saliva and salivary extracellular vesicles	24 OSCC	10	Aberrant expression	Prognosis	The proteomic data from whole saliva and saliva EVs of OSCC and healthy patients allow us to classify OSCC patients with 90% accuracy, being considered valuable additional parameters/biological biomarkers to define the prognosis in OSCC patients.
Zlotogorski-Hurvitz et al., 2016	Morphological and molecular features of oral fluid-derived exosomes: oral cancer patients versus healthy individuals	36 OC (OSCC not specified)	25	Altered exosome morphology and protein composition	Diagnosis	Saliva from OC patients contains morphologically and molecularly different exosomes with respect to healthy subjects. In particular, the decrease in the expression of CD9 and CD81 rather than the increase of CD63 expression can be an indicator of OC, even in the very early stages of the disease, in high-risk patients without clear clinical sign.

EV, extracellular vesicle; OC, oral cancer; OSCC, oral squamous cell carcinoma.