NANOG upregulates the expression of PBX1, while ectopic NANOG expression with PBX1 shRNA downregulates the phosphorylation of AKT. (a, b) Western blotting shows that ectopic NANOG expression upregulates PBX1 (∗∗∗P < 0.001). (c) After 36 h of plasmid transfection (PBX1 promoter pGL3-Basic vector and pRL-TK vector), dual luciferase assays were performed, and luciferase activities (relative light units) were measured in comparison to those of the vector control group (∗P < 0.05). (d) Hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HF-MSCs) ectopically expressing NANOG were treated with PBX1 shRNA. Western blotting shows that PBX1 shRNA downregulated p-AKT and increased the expression of p16 and p21. (e) Differences in the expression of p16, p21, and p-AKT, but not p53, were statistically significant. (f) Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining was used to examine cellular senescence. Scale bar = 200 μm. (∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001).