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. 2019 Dec 5;10:2801. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02801

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Copyright © 2019 Pelicaen, Gonze, Teusink, De Vuyst and Weckx.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Carbon metabolism of A. pasteurianus 386B. Horizontal bars (from top to bottom) delineate the extracellular environment, the periplasm, and the cytosol, respectively. (A) Carbohydrate oxidation. (1) D-glucose:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.5.2); (2) gluconolactonase (EC 3.1.1.17); (3) gluconate:H⁺ symport; (4) gluconokinase (EC 2.7.1.12); (5) mannitol permease; (6) D-sorbitol dehydrogenase (mann_ox_rxn); (7) mannitol 2-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.67); (8) fructokinase (EC 2.7.1.4). (B) Lactate and glycerol oxidation. (1) lactate:H⁺ symporter; (2) D-lactate dehydrogenase (quinone) (EC 1.1.5.12), D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) (EC 1.1.2.4); (3) glycerol facilitator; (4) glycerol kinase (EC 2.7.1.30); (5) glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.5.3); (6) glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)⁺] (EC 1.1.1.94). (C) Ethanol oxidation. (1) alcohol dehydrogenase (quinone) (EC 1.1.5.5); (2) alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)⁺] (EC 1.1.1.1, 1.1.1.2); (3) aldehyde dehydrogenase (quinone) (EC 1.2.5.2); (4) aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)⁺] (EC 1.2.1.3, EC 1.2.1.4); (5) succinate-acetate:H⁺ symporter; (6) acetate ABC transporter. (D) Aerobic respiration. (1) NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H⁺-translocating) (EC 7.1.1.2); (2) NADH:ubiquinone reductase (non-electrogenic) (EC 1.6.5.9); (3) proton-translocating NAD(P)⁺ transhydrogenase (EC 7.1.1.1); (4) ubiquinol oxidase (H⁺-transporting) (EC 7.1.1.3); (5) ubiquinol oxidase (electrogenic, non-H⁺-transporting) (EC 7.1.1.7); (6) H⁺-transporting two-sector ATPase (EC 7.1.2.2).