Table 1.
Participants’ demographic characteristics and cardiometabolic risk factors according to smoking status
| Passive smoking | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | P value | |
| Age | 12.24(3.15) | 12.32(3.14) | 0.14 |
| Sex | 0.43 | ||
| -Girl | 3760(56.94) | 2843(43.06) | |
| -Boy | 3808(56.26) | 2960(43.74) | |
| Weight | 41.17(17.01) | 41.75(17.20) | 0.05 |
| Height | 146.22(17.53) | 147.04(17.38) | 0.007 |
| WC | 66.61(12.13) | 66.78(12.26) | 0.42 |
| WHtR | 0.46(0.07) | 0.45(0.06) | 0.14 |
| BMI-z score | −0.001(0.98) | 009(1.00) | 0.54 |
| Region | 0.91 | ||
| -Urban | 5386(56.57) | 41.35(43.43) | |
| -Rural | 2182(56.68) | 1668(43.32) | |
| Father’s education | <0.001 | ||
| -Illiterate | 936(57.25) | 699(42.75) | |
| -Diploma/U | 5220(54.84) | 4299(45.16) | |
| -Academic | 1137(64.64) | 622(35.36) | |
| Mother’s education | 0.003 | ||
| -Illiterate | 1300(55.34) | 1049(44.66) | |
| -Diploma/U | 5371(56.26) | 4175(43.74) | |
| -Academic | 834(60.70) | 540(39.30) | |
| Positive Family history of chronic diseases | 3705(56.09) | 2901(43.91) | 0.77 |
| Socio-economic status (%) | <0.001 | ||
| -Low | 2469(57.45) | 1829(42.55) | |
| -Moderate | 2253(53.30) | 1974(46.70) | |
| -High | 2510(58.99) | 1745(41.01) | |
| Physical Activity | <0.001 | ||
| -Low | 2417(60.88) | 1553(39.12) | |
| -Moderate | 2317(54.89) | 1904(45.11) | |
| -High | 2431(55.95) | 1914(44.05) | |
| Screen Time | 0.02 | ||
| -Low | 6257(57.66) | 4595(42.34) | |
| -High | 1201(54.84) | 989(45.16) | |
| Hip Circumference | 0.13 | ||
| -Low | 3764(49.91) | 2801(48.57) | |
| -High | 3778(50.09) | 2966(51.43) | |
| Wrist Circumference | 0.02 | ||
| -Low | 3815(51.02) | 2804(49.01) | |
| -High | 3663(48.98) | 2917(50.99) | |
| Neck Circumference | 0.07 | ||
| -Low | 3814(50.71) | 2832(49.15) | |
| -High | 3707(49.29) | 2930(50.85) | |
| Parental Waist Circumference | 87.40(14.66) | 87.76(14.82) | 0.17 |
| Parental BMI | 26.38(4.78) | 26.57(5.07) | 0.03 |
| Parental Obesity | 0.48 | ||
| -No | 5849(78.50) | 4437(77.99) | |
| -Yes | 1602(21.50) | 1252(22.01) | |
| Parental Over weight | 0.57 | ||
| -No | 4603(61.78) | 3542(62.26) | |
| -Yes | 2848(38.22) | 2147(37.74) | |
BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; data are mean (SD)