Table 5.

The findings of the effects of FF on pig growth performance

Type of FF	Dose	Outcomes	Growth stage of commercial pigs	Findings
Fermented ingredients	2% to to 15%	ADG, G:F	Weaned piglets and growing pigs	The fermented ingredients significantly improved ADG and G:F of weaned piglets and growing pigs. The optimal dose of fermented ingredients is 8%
		ADFI	Overall growth stage	The fermented ingredients have no effect on ADFI of pigs
		ADG, G:F, ADFI	Finishing pigs	The fermented ingredients have no effect on the growth performance of finishing pigs
Fermented additives	0.05% to to 0.40%	ADG, ADFI, G:F	Overall growth stage	Overall, the fermented additives notably increased growth performance of pigs. The optimal dose of fermented ingredients is 0.15%