Fermented ingredients |
2% to to 15% |
103 to 110 kg |
Mean of lightness, redness, yellowness, drip loss (%), marbling, and flavor were 46.41, 7.25, 4.85, 4.50, 6.17, and 6.30, respectively |
Mean of lightness, redness, yellowness, drip loss (%), marbling, and flavor were 45.93, 6.70, 5.11, 5.14, 5.80, and 5.72, respectively |
Lightness, redness, yellowness, drip loss, marbling, and flavor |
The fermented ingredients significantly improved meat color, marbling, and flavor, and decreased drip loss |
Fermented additives |
0.05% to to 0.40% |
106 to –108 kg |
Mean of lightness, redness, yellowness, drip loss (%), and marbling were 52.72, 16.00, 7.31, 7.47, and 1.69, respectively |
Mean of lightness, redness, yellowness, drip loss (%), and marbling were 45.93, 16.84, 7.04, 7.83, and 1.56, respectively |
Redness and marbling |
The fermented additives significantly improved marbling, and decreased redness of meat |
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Lightness, yellowness, drip loss, and flavor |
The fermented additives have no effect on lightness, yellowness, drip loss, and flavor |