Table 2.
Biomarkers and parameters of cardiac autonomic function in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
| Variables | Mean ± SD (n = 50) |
|---|---|
| Inflammatory and endothelial function | |
| IL-6 (ng/L) | 21.8 ± 13.98 |
| IL-18 (ng/L) | 183.2 ± 136.89 |
| hs CRP (mg/L) | 2.3 ± 1.39 |
| NO (μmol/L) | 107.1 ± 92.54 |
| ENOS (U/ml) | 77.0 ± 59.62 |
| Endothelin 1 (ng/L) | 120.5 ± 76.59 |
| Heart rate variability | |
| mean NN (ms) | 742.7 ± 118.01 |
| SDNN (ms) | 29.6 ± 19.28 |
| RMSSD (ms) | 33.8 ± 17.03 |
| pNN50 (%) | 1.75 ± 2.67 |
| TP (ms2) | 750.9 ± 527.40 |
| LF power (ms2) | 160.9 ± 126.13 |
| LFnu | 43.0 ± 21.71 |
| HF power (ms2) | 223.8 ± 206.38 |
| HFnu | 49.9 ± 21.36 |
| LF/HF ratio | 1.5 ± 2.67 |
| CARTs | |
| ∆ HR (bpm) | 12.2 ± 5.26 |
| VR | 1.3 ± 0.45 |
| 30/15 ratio | 1.1 ± 0.18 |
| ∆ DBP (mmHg) | 11.6 ± 8.12 |
| ∆ SBP (mmHg) | 4.7 ± 12.39 |
IL: interleukin; hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; NO: nitric oxide; ENOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; Mean NN: average of N-N intervals; SDNN: standard deviation of N-N intervals; RMSSD: root mean square of successive differences between adjacent R-R intervals; pNN50: percentage of consecutive N-N intervals that differ by more than 50 ms; TP: total power; LF: low frequency power; HF: high frequency power; LF/HF ratio: ratio of low and high frequency power; CARTs: cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests; ∆: delta; VR: valsalva ratio; 30/15 ratio: ratio of R-R interval during 30th and 15th second of the head-up tilt test; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; HGT: hand grip test; ms: milliseconds; %: precent; nu: normalized units; ng: nanogram; L: liters; ml: milliliters; ms: milliseconds; bpm: beats per minute;