Table 1.
Biogenic amine content of Korean fermented vegetable products.
| Korean Fermented Vegetable Products | N 1 | Biogenic Amines (mg/kg) 2 | Ref. | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRP | PHE | PUT | CAD | HIS | TYR | SPD | SPM | |||
| Baechu kimchi (Napa cabbage kimchi) | 3 | NT 3 | NT | 11.2–89.0 4 | ND 5-151.8 | ND-5.1 | ND-28.2 | ND | ND | [29] |
| 20 | 2.3–22.6 | ND-6.8 | 15.1–240.4 | 3.6–44.9 | 0.6–142.3 | 9.7–118.2 | 7.7–16.5 | ND-3.7 | [25] | |
| 37 | ND-114 | ND | ND-73 | ND-1550 | ND-5350 | ND-42 | ND-88 | ND-121 | [27] | |
| 18 | ND-43.9 | NT | ND-245.9 | ND-63.3 | NT | ND-103.6 | ND-74.8 | NT | [26] | |
| 20 | ND-74.8 | ND-2.0 | 2.3–148.6 | 0.9–39.8 | ND-21.8 | 1.1–27.9 | ND-6.7 | ND-5.1 | [28] | |
| Baek kimchi (Napa cabbage kimchi prepared without red pepper powder) | 3 | NT | NT | ND-54.7 | ND-94.8 | ND | ND | ND | ND | [29] |
| 3 | tr 6 | NT | 1.9–39.6 | 11.5–25.6 | NT | 7.8–64.9 | ND-1.7 | NT | [26] | |
| Chonggak kimchi (ponytail radish kimchi) | 3 | NT | NT | ND-11.2 | ND-70.7 | ND | ND | ND | ND | [29] |
| 3 | 2.3–15.2 | NT | ND-20.3 | ND-85.7 | NT | 20.2–58.1 | ND | NT | [26] | |
| 5 | ND-23.70 | ND-2.80 | 3.89–853.70 | 2.00–148.50 | 8.24–131.20 | 0.79–18.70 | 6.10–14.00 | ND-20.74 | [30] | |
| Gat kimchi (mustard leaf kimchi) | 3 | NT | NT | ND-10.4 | ND-11.6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | [29] |
| 13 | ND-26.74 | ND-15.75 | 1.89–720.82 | 2.12–52.43 | 3.30–232.10 | 1.28–149.77 | 12.26–32.62 | ND-61.94 | [31] | |
| Godeulppaegi (Korean lettuce kimchi) | 3 | NT | NT | ND-6.4 | ND-26.7 | ND | ND | ND | ND | [29] |
| Kkakdugi (diced radish kimchi) | 3 | NT | NT | ND-15.4 | ND-55.1 | ND | ND-9.0 | ND | ND | [29] |
| 5 | 5.5–18.6 | NT | ND-51.6 | ND-56.2 | NT | ND-10.8 | ND-21.8 | NT | [26] | |
| 5 | ND | ND-15.24 | 10.85–982.32 | ND-124.60 | 18.75–127.78 | 2.97–76.95 | ND-16.76 | ND-3.10 | [30] | |
| Pa kimchi (green onion kimchi) | 3 | NT | NT | ND-7.8 | ND-15.9 | ND-21.7 | ND | ND | ND | [29] |
| 13 | ND-15.95 | ND-5.97 | ND-254.47 | ND-123.29 | 8.67–386.03 | ND-181.10 | 2.32–18.74 | ND-33.84 | [31] | |
| Yeolmu kimchi (young radish kimchi) | 3 | NT | NT | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | [29] |
1 N: Number of samples examined; 2 TRP: tryptamine, PHE: β-phenylethylamine, PUT: putrescine, CAD: cadaverine, HIS: histamine, TYR: tyramine, SPD: spermidine, SPM: spermine; 3 NT: not tested; 4 Values are the minimum and maximum concentrations reported. The same number of digits is used after the decimal point in the values, as was presented in the corresponding references; 5 ND: not detected; 6 tr: trace.