| AFM | atomic force microscopy |
| CO | carbon oxide |
| DOPO | 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide |
| DOPO-MA | maleic acid functionalized DOPO |
| FR | flame retardant |
| GNS | graphene nanosheets |
| HRC | heat release capacity |
| LOI | limiting oxygen index |
| MCC | microscale combustion calorimetry |
| MoS2 | molybdenum disulfide |
| Ni2O3 | nickel(III) oxide |
| NMP | N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone |
| PE | polyethylene |
| pHHR | peak heat release rate |
| PLA | poly(lactic acid) |
| PS | polystyrene |
| PVA | poly(vinyl alcohol) |
| TEM | transmission electron microscopy |
| TGA | thermogravimetric analysis |
| THF | tetrahydrofuran |
| THR | total heat release |
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