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. 2019 Nov 4;10(11):754. doi: 10.3390/mi10110754

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Electrical control methods: (a) Electrical field parallel to the flow. (b) Electrical field perpendicular to the flow. (c) Electrodes arrangement without contact with fluids. Magnetic control methods: (d) Magnet placed either upstream or downstream. (e) Magnet can be placed parallel and perpendicular to the flow direction or out-of-plane. Acoustic control methods: (f) SAW affects the liquid-liquid interface. (g) SAW affects the continuous phase. Thermal control methods: (h) Resistive heater at the junction. (i) Laser induced thermal effect on the droplet.