Table 1.
Concentrations (μg/kg unless otherwise stated) of volatile aroma compounds determined by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-IT-MS) after headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) from monovarietal extra virgin olive oils produced from Buža, Istarska bjelica, Rosinjola, Oblica, Lastovka, and Leccino varieties in Croatia.
| Compound | ID | LRI | Variety | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buža | I. bjelica | Rosinjola | Oblica | Lastovka | Leccino | |||
| hydrocarbons | ||||||||
| propane | MS | <700 | 6.64 bc | 14.91 a | 1.12 c | 11.49 ab | 12.51 a | 5.43 c |
| (Z)-2-pentene | MS | <700 | 61.19 b | 80.27 a | 60.31 b | 33.98 c | 43.63 c | 83.09 a |
| 1,4-pentadiene (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | <700 | 0.17 a | 0.16 a | 0.15 ab | 0.10 c | 0.09 c | 0.12 b |
| 1,3-pentadiene | LRI,MS | <700 | 81.73 a | 75.36 ab | 71.98 ab | 53.80 c | 48.98 c | 62.92 bc |
| 1-heptene | LRI,MS | 731 | 5.42 | 16.64 | 3.25 | 9.76 | 5.72 | 6.13 |
| 3,5-dimethylheptane | MS | 753 | 1.61 | 3.59 | 3.63 | 2.38 | 0.33 | 2.86 |
| propanal | LRI,MS | 778 | 7.00 | 5.23 | 7.36 | 5.10 | 5.68 | 7.04 |
| octane | S,LRI,MS | 800 | 31.03 | 35.33 | 27.29 | 30.78 | 40.92 | 27.11 |
| 2,6-dimethyl-3-heptene | MS | 821 | 0.20 b | 0.58 b | 6.17 a | 0.00 b | 0.00 b | 0.19 b |
| (E)-2-octene | LRI,MS | 832 | 3.50 | 4.60 | 3.81 | 3.36 | 5.62 | 3.60 |
| branched-chain alkene I (n.i.) | MS | 953 | 94.32 a | 63.73 c | 85.98 ab | 47.29 d | 38.96 d | 74.97 bc |
| branched-chain alkene II (n.i.) | MS | 960 | 84.13 a | 56.70 c | 71.63 b | 41.67 d | 35.22 d | 65.24 bc |
| decane | S,LRI,MS | 997 | 31.53 ab | 19.98 bc | 39.92 a | 9.49 c | 7.39 c | 14.67 c |
| 3-ethyl-1,5-octadiene I (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | 1006 | 0.36 a | 0.26 c | 0.34 ab | 0.18 d | 0.15 d | 0.31 b |
| 3-ethyl-1,5-octadiene II (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | 1020 | 0.40 a | 0.25 c | 0.35 ab | 0.20 d | 0.16 d | 0.31 b |
| 3-ethyl-1,5-octadiene III | LRI,MS | 1033 | 2.99 | 12.91 | 3.19 | 1.24 | 0.79 | 2.60 |
| branched-chain alkene III (n.i.) | MS | 1067 | 0.37 | 10.08 | 0.45 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.48 |
| 3,7-decadiene I | LRI,MS | 1074 | 76.81 a | 44.98 c | 71.69 ab | 33.06 d | 29.07 d | 65.14 b |
| branched-chain alkene IV (n.i.) | MS | 1077 | 3.59 | 6.51 | 1.87 | 1.62 | 0.72 | 2.92 |
| 3,7-decadiene II (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | 1080 | 0.29 a | 0.17 b | 0.28 a | 0.15 bc | 0.13 c | 0.26 a |
| 3,7-decadiene III (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | 1084 | 0.29 a | 0.15 c | 0.25 ab | 0.15 c | 0.11 c | 0.21 b |
| branched-chain alkene V (n.i.) | MS | 1087 | 7.98 ab | 11.87 a | 6.30 ab | 4.05 b | 3.00 b | 5.80 b |
| undecane | S,LRI,MS | 1095 | 18.56 ab | 9.75 b | 39.12 a | 3.29 b | 2.09 b | 9.83 b |
| dodecane | S,LRI,MS | 1203 | 23.4 ab | 14.16 bc | 35.51 a | 4.64 c | 2.64 c | 13.66 bc |
| dodecene | LRI,MS | 1241 | 27.26 bc | 33.95 b | 17.25 cd | 14.74 cd | 58.52 a | 8.43 d |
| 3-propylcyclohexene | MS | 1247 | 10.97 bc | 7.93 c | 14.15 ab | 13.41 ab | 9.90 bc | 14.85 a |
| 1,5,5,6-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene | LRI,MS | 1365 | 2.46 bc | 1.55 c | 4.38 abc | 5.73 a | 5.52 ab | 1.82 c |
| 2,2-dimethyl-(Z)-3-hexene I | MS | 1499 | 28.41 a | 16.09 b | 33.60 a | 26.67 a | 14.60 b | 10.76 b |
| 2,2-dimethyl-(Z)-3-hexene II | MS | 1560 | 4.79 | 2.12 | 6.05 | 4.78 | 2.39 | 2.88 |
| monoterpenes | ||||||||
| α-pinene | S,LRI,MS | 1015 | 6.28 b | 4.91 b | 12.25 b | 8.90 b | 41.71 a | 2.79 b |
| camphene | S,LRI,MS | 1053 | 0.23 b | 0.10 b | 0.25 b | 0.31 b | 1.35 a | 0.04 b |
| β-pinene | S,LRI,MS | 1099 | 0.41 | 0.77 | 1.98 | 1.10 | 83.74 | 0.46 |
| sabinene | S,LRI,MS | 1112 | 2.07 | 0.79 | 2.09 | 2.94 | 49.44 | 17.20 |
| 3-carene | S,LRI,MS | 1139 | 4.72 a | 3.06 b | 4.20 ab | 0.97 c | 2.29 bc | 0.83 c |
| monoterpene I (n.i.) | MS | 1140 | 2.77 a | 1.84 b | 2.54 ab | 0.40 c | 1.35 bc | 0.27 c |
| myrcene | S,LRI,MS | 1157 | 8.60 b | 4.36 b | 19.76 ab | 11.48 b | 41.67 a | 11.85 b |
| α-terpinene | S,LRI,MS | 1171 | 0.37 | 0.23 | 1.12 | 0.72 | 10.84 | 9.91 |
| limonene (mg/kg) | S,LRI,MS | 1191 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.64 | 0.01 |
| β-phellandrene | LRI,MS | 1201 | 0.00 b | 0.00 b | 0.00 b | 0.03 b | 4.25 a | 0.02 b |
| (Z)-ocimene | S,LRI,MS | 1230 | 15.14 b | 8.00 b | 25.27 ab | 34.84 a | 37.26 a | 10.72 b |
| γ-terpinene | S,LRI,MS | 1238 | 30.50 b | 4.96 b | 4.17 b | 3.74 b | 436.30 a | 40.80 b |
| (E)-ocimene (mg/kg) | S,LRI,MS | 1245 | 0.21 bc | 0.09 c | 0.27 abc | 0.52 a | 0.43 ab | 0.12 c |
| monoterpene II (n.i.) | MS | 1260 | 0.69 bc | 0.40 c | 1.28 abc | 1.82 a | 1.49 ab | 0.53 bc |
| terpinolene | S,LRI,MS | 1275 | 0.44 | 0.28 | 0.70 | 0.38 | 3.83 | 0.84 |
| (Z)-alloocimene | LRI,MS | 1349 | 11.38 | 9.68 | 10.20 | 23.02 | 8.22 | 7.20 |
| (E)-alloocimene | S,LRI,MS | 1357 | 16.79 | 12.63 | 13.25 | 37.22 | 10.66 | 9.26 |
| linalool | S,LRI,MS | 1536 | 15.44 bc | 8.94 c | 19.00 abc | 31.43 ab | 40.98 a | 22.04 abc |
| sesquiterpenes | ||||||||
| (+)-cycloisosativene (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | 1477 | 1.15 a | 0.87 b | 0.80 b | 0.89 ab | 0.24 c | 0.26 c |
| α-copaene (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | 1487 | 8.44 a | 7.02 ab | 5.81 b | 8.77 a | 2.14 c | 1.64 c |
| sesquiterpene I (n.i.) | MS | 1536 | 0.00 b | 0.00 b | 0.00 b | 0.00 b | 3.44 a | 0.00 b |
| sesquiterpene II (n.i.) (mg/kg) | MS | 1583 | 0.29 a | 0.27 a | 0.23 a | 0.28 a | 0.08 b | 0.05 b |
| sesquiterpene III (n.i.) (mg/kg) | MS | 1683 | 0.11 ab | 0.09 b | 0.09 b | 0.13 a | 0.03 c | 0.02 c |
| δ-selinene | LRI,MS | 1698 | 24.52 b | 25.84 ab | 10.32 c | 32.29 a | 6.82 c | 2.07 c |
| γ-elemene (mg/kg) | MS | 1704 | 0.04 b | 0.05 b | 0.05 b | 0.06 b | 0.20 a | 0.05 b |
| α-muurolene (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | 1719 | 1.65 b | 1.42 b | 1.26 b | 2.10 a | 0.49 c | 0.34 c |
| sesquiterpene IV (n.i.) | MS | 1736 | 0.63 c | 3.02 c | 26.21 b | 2.33 c | 51.54 a | 29.75 b |
| α-farnesene (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | 1745 | 0.53 a | 0.29 b | 0.84 a | 0.12 b | 0.25 b | 0.17 b |
| δ-cadinene (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | 1750 | 0.14 ab | 0.11 b | 0.17 a | 0.17 a | 0.06 c | 0.07 c |
| aldehydes | ||||||||
| acrolein | LRI,MS | 829 | 6.07 a | 2.34 d | 4.66 ab | 4.23 bc | 2.60 cd | 3.75 bc |
| 2-methylbutanal | LRI,MS | 903 | 10.74 | 13.39 | 11.93 | 7.86 | 18.70 | 13.76 |
| 3-methylbutanal | S,LRI,MS | 906 | 10.51 b | 22.29 a | 10.65 b | 8.49 b | 12.31 b | 12.26 b |
| 2-methyl-2-pentenal | MS | 930 | 1.08 c | 0.26 cd | 3.34 a | 2.15 b | 0.85 cd | 0.00 d |
| (E)-2-butenal | S,LRI,MS | 1024 | 11.44 | 9.98 | 12.87 | 9.10 | 18.39 | 25.45 |
| unsaturated aliphatic aldehyde I (n.i.) | MS | 1036 | 3.27 a | 2.25 b | 2.63 ab | 2.48 ab | 1.56 b | 1.68 b |
| unsaturated aliphatic aldehyde II (n.i.) | MS | 1051 | 0.25 | 5.31 | 0.55 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.25 |
| hexanal (mg/kg) | S,LRI,MS | 1070 | 0.24 b | 0.29 b | 0.27 b | 0.44 a | 0.53 a | 0.20 b |
| (Z)-2-pentenal | LRI,MS | 1093 | 11.73 ab | 7.43 c | 16.92 a | 8.09 bc | 5.29 c | 5.70 c |
| (E)-2-pentenal | S,LRI,MS | 1115 | 52.30 a | 48.87 a | 43.67 ab | 39.40 ab | 24.74 b | 42.38 ab |
| (E)-3-hexenal | LRI,MS | 1125 | 57.10 a | 42.81 b | 67.22 a | 43.82 ab | 23.48 c | 35.30 bc |
| (Z)-3-hexenal (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | 1130 | 1.36 a | 0.40 cd | 0.96 abc | 1.09 ab | 0.47 bcd | 0.14 d |
| heptanal | LRI,MS | 1175 | 4.37 | 3.60 | 4.33 | 3.19 | 3.03 | 3.90 |
| (Z)-2-hexenal | LRI,MS | 1189 | 44.49 | 31.63 | 48.50 | 33.38 | 39.16 | 32.68 |
| (E)-2-hexenal (mg/kg) | S,LRI,MS | 1205 | 19.38 bc | 22.54 b | 21.96 b | 11.90 cd | 5.92 d | 34.95 a |
| octanal (mg/kg) | S,LRI,MS | 1280 | 0.10 a | 0.11 a | 0.09 a | 0.07 b | 0.07 b | 0.09 a |
| (Z)-2-heptenal | LRI,MS | 1312 | 10.60 | 7.65 | 4.80 | 11.30 | 7.66 | 7.12 |
| (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | 1381 | 0.27 ab | 0.16 cd | 0.35 a | 0.20 bc | 0.07 d | 0.13 cd |
| (E,Z)-2,4-hexadienal (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | 1385 | 1.56 ab | 1.06 bc | 2.19 a | 0.87 cd | 0.38 d | 0.62 cd |
| (E)-2-octenal | S,LRI,MS | 1417 | 11.75 a | 5.53 c | 8.12 bc | 10.47 ab | 7.17 bc | 9.15 b |
| (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal | LRI,MS | 1448 | 33.23 b | 19.61 d | 30.68 bcd | 32.10 bc | 21.83 c | 44.72 a |
| 2-isopropylidene-3-methylhexa-3,5-dienal | MS | 1460 | 0.36 bc | 0.33 c | 0.65 ab | 0.11 c | 0.09 c | 0.70 a |
| (E,E)-2,4-decadienal | LRI,MS | 1750 | 0.65 bc | 0.49 c | 1.06 ab | 1.52 a | 0.85 b | 0.85 b |
| (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal | LRI,MS | 1794 | 0.67 b | 0.26 c | 0.47 bc | 1.13 a | 0.93 ab | 0.61 bc |
| tetradecanal | LRI,MS | 1909 | 1.05 | 0.97 | 1.04 | 1.41 | 0.99 | 0.62 |
| ketones | ||||||||
| 3-pentanone (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | 962 | 0.09 c | 0.23 a | 0.09 c | 0.13 bc | 0.19 ab | 0.08 c |
| 1-penten-3-one (mg/kg) | S,LRI,MS | 1008 | 0.29 a | 0.29 a | 0.26 ab | 0.18 bc | 0.12 c | 0.22 ab |
| 3-hexen-2-one | MS | 1121 | 0.57 b | 0.67 a | 0.58 b | 0.44 c | 0.55 b | 0.45 c |
| 2-octanone | LRI,MS | 1275 | 6.12 | 0.62 | 0.54 | 1.55 | 1.51 | 0.89 |
| 2-methyl-6-methylene-1,7-octadien-3-one | LRI,MS | 1303 | 44.85 a | 21.50 b | 51.45 a | 24.25 b | 16.32 b | 62.59 a |
| 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one | LRI,MS | 1326 | 2.15 bc | 1.94 bc | 2.63 abc | 3.02 ab | 4.40 a | 1.40 c |
| 2-cyclohexene-1,4-dione I | MS | 1712 | 3.62 ab | 2.27 cd | 5.11 a | 3.20 bc | 2.05 bcd | 1.04 d |
| 2-cyclohexene-1,4-dione II | MS | 1803 | 1.15 ab | 0.68 cd | 1.57 a | 1.06 abc | 0.64 cd | 0.29 d |
| (Z)-cinerolone | MS | 2002 | 0.20 b | 0.13 c | 0.19 b | 0.04 d | 0.03 d | 0.28 a |
| 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-1-penten-3-one | MS | 2056 | 0.18 c | 0.25 bc | 0.14 c | 0.51 a | 0.47 ab | 0.12 c |
| 4′-ethoxy-2′-hydroxyoctadecanophenone | MS | 2081 | 0.26 bc | 0.12 c | 0.90 a | 0.24 bc | 0.26 bc | 0.41 b |
| alcohols | ||||||||
| 2-methyl-2-propanol | LRI,MS | 886 | 4.98 | 4.93 | 8.45 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 4.33 |
| 1-methoxy-2-propanol (mg/kg) | MS | 917 | 0.15 b | 0.12 b | 0.18 ab | 0.15 b | 0.23 a | 0.14 b |
| 3-pentanol | LRI,MS | 1097 | 11.84 | 16.51 | 6.53 | 6.20 | 15.09 | 5.92 |
| 2-pentanol | LRI,MS | 1109 | 1.04 | 2.75 | 0.67 | 2.76 | 1.78 | 1.59 |
| 1-penten-3-ol (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | 1148 | 0.18 b | 0.28 a | 0.19 b | 0.14 b | 0.19 b | 0.18 b |
| 3-methyl-1-butanol | S,LRI,MS | 1197 | 19.96 b | 26.70 b | 22.74 b | 27.21 b | 57.71 a | 23.80 b |
| 1-pentanol | S,LRI,MS | 1239 | 10.37 bc | 16.24 ab | 7.86 bc | 20.10 a | 22.07 a | 6.96 c |
| (E)-2-penten-1-ol | S,LRI,MS | 1300 | 62.07 | 65.28 | 64.27 | 43.81 | 67.92 | 61.24 |
| (Z)-2-penten-1-ol (mg/kg) | S,LRI,MS | 1308 | 0.26 a | 0.31 a | 0.27 a | 0.21 b | 0.28 a | 0.25 ab |
| 1-hexanol (mg/kg) | S,LRI,MS | 1342 | 0.70 | 1.21 | 1.20 | 1.17 | 1.58 | 0.76 |
| (E)-3-hexen-1-ol | LRI,MS | 1352 | 27.42 ab | 27.45 ab | 27.49 ab | 37.90 a | 46.03 a | 14.76 b |
| (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol (mg/kg) | S,LRI,MS | 1372 | 1.63 b | 1.08 bc | 1.50 bc | 2.77 a | 1.92 ab | 0.61 c |
| (E)-2-hexen-1-ol (mg/kg) | S,LRI,MS | 1394 | 1.00 b | 1.68 b | 1.37 b | 1.05 b | 3.42 a | 1.42 b |
| (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol | S,LRI,MS | 1402 | 7.53 | 122.27 | 11.84 | 11.20 | 15.53 | 10.63 |
| 1-heptanol | S,LRI,MS | 1445 | 4.05 | 2.16 | 2.23 | 3.38 | 3.39 | 2.71 |
| 2-ethyl-1-hexanol | S,LRI,MS | 1480 | 4.58 d | 5.90 c | 10.39 a | 4.32 d | 4.01 d | 6.93 b |
| 1-octanol | S,LRI,MS | 1546 | 7.65 | 5.29 | 5.41 | 5.56 | 6.01 | 5.98 |
| 2,4-hexadien-1-ol | LRI,MS | 1568 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.65 | 0.64 | 0.00 |
| 1-nonanol | S,LRI,MS | 1650 | 3.73 | 2.56 | 3.14 | 2.53 | 3.32 | 3.10 |
| 3-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-ol | MS | 1744 | 4.66 a | 2.34 b | 4.39 a | 2.25 b | 0.65 b | 0.88 b |
| 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-ethanol | LRI,MS | 1779 | 3.83 b | 2.43 b | 42.91 a | 7.86 b | 7.62 b | 9.91 b |
| 2,2′-oxybis-1-propanol | LRI,MS | 1865 | 4.04 | 3.46 | 4.51 | 2.27 | 2.59 | 2.44 |
| tetradecanol | LRI,MS | 2158 | 25.23 a | 26.72 a | 12.11 ab | 31.35 a | 13.64 ab | 6.70 b |
| acids | ||||||||
| acetic acid (mg/kg) | S,LRI,MS | 1427 | 1.82 | 2.55 | 2.46 | 2.49 | 4.53 | 1.70 |
| acid (n.i.) (mg/kg) | MS | 1476 | 0.91 ab | 0.82 b | 1.17 a | 1.10 a | 1.18 a | 1.07 a |
| butanoic acid | S,LRI,MS | 1602 | 27.65 c | 41.57 bc | 40.46 bc | 52.13 ab | 72.47 a | 30.43 bc |
| hexanoic acid (mg/kg) | S,LRI,MS | 1823 | 0.76 c | 1.23 bc | 1.32 bc | 1.74 ab | 2.21 a | 1.00 c |
| 2-ethylhexanoic acid | LRI,MS | 1925 | 3.41 c | 8.59 c | 52.77 a | 10.47 bc | 12.29 bc | 23.46 b |
| (E)-3-hexenoic acid | LRI,MS | 1926 | 12.93 b | 9.33 bc | 16.87 ab | 24.46 a | 5.08 bc | 1.38 c |
| octanoic acid (mg/kg) | S,LRI,MS | 2033 | 0.48 b | 7.82 a | 1.29 b | 1.65 b | 1.47 b | 0.59 b |
| sorbic acid | LRI,MS | 2048 | 7.83 b | 4.94 bc | 14.78 a | 8.44 b | 4.58 bc | 1.04 c |
| nonanoic acid (mg/kg) | S,LRI,MS | 2139 | 41.76 b | 434.34 a | 54.30 b | 41.10 b | 55.83 b | 29.51 b |
| decanoic acid (mg/kg) | S,LRI,MS | 2244 | 0.07 b | 0.43 a | 0.14 b | 0.02 b | 0.06 b | 0.06 b |
| esters | ||||||||
| allyl acetate | LRI,MS | 805 | 53.61 | 58.55 | 69.96 | 43.21 | 30.69 | 37.81 |
| methyl acetate | LRI,MS | 816 | 91.00 b | 166.56 a | 101.38 ab | 59.88 b | 115.21 ab | 81.99 b |
| 1,1,1-trimethoxyethane | MS | 871 | 61.25 b | 328.53 a | 117.33 ab | 50.70 b | 85.45 b | 24.70 b |
| ethyl 2-methylbutanoate | LRI,MS | 1042 | 0.90 | 0.64 | 0.55 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.51 |
| isoamyl acetate | S,LRI,MS | 1114 | 4.91 a | 4.92 a | 2.26 b | 2.88 b | 3.19 b | 1.69 b |
| methyl 3-methyl-2-butenoate | LRI,MS | 1157 | 3.79 | 0.85 | 2.84 | 2.61 | 2.86 | 1.75 |
| methyl hexanoate | LRI,MS | 1178 | 1.29 | 1.01 | 2.05 | 1.51 | 1.02 | 1.29 |
| ethyl hexanoate | S,LRI,MS | 1228 | 0.06 | 0.23 | 0.31 | 0.50 | 0.35 | 0.12 |
| hexyl acetate | S,LRI,MS | 1265 | 21.75 b | 89.41 a | 25.62 b | 11.18 b | 91.10 a | 13.11 b |
| (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate (mg/kg) | S,LRI,MS | 1309 | 0.27 b | 0.62 a | 0.20 b | 0.05 b | 0.26 b | 0.09 b |
| (Z)-2-hexen-1-yl acetate | LRI,MS | 1326 | 1.52 b | 4.02 a | 1.44 b | 0.91 b | 1.75 b | 0.91 b |
| (E)-3-hexenyl butanoate | LRI,MS | 1454 | 2.23 abc | 0.88 c | 2.34 ab | 1.47 bc | 2.94 a | 1.71 abc |
| 3-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl 2-methylpropanoate | MS | 1854 | 0.37 c | 0.16 c | 4.94 a | 1.06 bc | 0.95 bc | 1.54 b |
| methyl cinnamoylglycinate | MS | 1960 | 3.44 b | 3.34 b | 6.22 a | 2.62 c | 2.25 c | 3.33 b |
| triacetin | LRI,MS | 2049 | 1.09 bc | 0.41 c | 5.19 a | 1.44 bc | 1.02 bc | 1.77 b |
| 2-propenyl pentanoate | MS | 2074 | 3.07 bc | 1.38 cd | 7.81 a | 3.79 b | 2.39 bcd | 0.80 d |
| methyl 3-oxo-2-pentyl-cyclopentaneacetate | MS | 2257 | 7.59 ab | 3.69 c | 12.29 a | 8.44 ab | 8.06 ab | 6.03 bc |
| benzenoids | ||||||||
| benzene | LRI,MS | 926 | 9.83 | 14.67 | 14.44 | 12.05 | 11.62 | 10.10 |
| toluene (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | 1027 | 0.10 | 0.17 | 0.07 | 0.40 | 0.17 | 0.10 |
| m-xylene | LRI,MS | 1122 | 22.55 | 19.69 | 15.30 | 105.52 | 26.14 | 17.65 |
| p-xylene (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | 1128 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.07 | 0.05 |
| o-xylene (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | 1172 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
| p-ethyltoluene | LRI,MS | 1213 | 16.73 | 17.37 | 11.75 | 56.70 | 14.44 | 11.29 |
| 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (mesitylene) | LRI,MS | 1235 | 11.77 | 11.52 | 12.45 | 32.07 | 9.69 | 8.84 |
| 2-ethyltoluene | LRI,MS | 1251 | 7.00 | 6.28 | 5.39 | 18.11 | 5.10 | 4.07 |
| p-cymene | S,LRI,MS | 1262 | 1.51 | 1.57 | 2.15 | 2.87 | 31.68 | 4.46 |
| m-cymene | LRI,MS | 1270 | 19.46 | 16.99 | 16.47 | 40.75 | 10.97 | 10.45 |
| 1,3-diethylbenzene | LRI,MS | 1293 | 1.54 | 0.75 | 0.84 | 2.14 | 0.59 | 0.71 |
| o-cymene | LRI,MS | 1296 | 1.64 | 1.38 | 1.37 | 3.62 | 0.94 | 1.09 |
| 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene | LRI,MS | 1316 | 4.25 | 4.17 | 3.80 | 8.75 | 2.79 | 3.11 |
| 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene (hemellitol) | LRI,MS | 1324 | 8.25 | 6.56 | 7.35 | 14.88 | 4.70 | 4.04 |
| anisole | LRI,MS | 1329 | 3.77 | 2.45 | 2.91 | 1.27 | 3.42 | 1.85 |
| 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene | LRI,MS | 1413 | 1.89 | 1.36 | 1.44 | 3.99 | 1.13 | 1.09 |
| isodurene | LRI,MS | 1422 | 2.78 | 2.21 | 2.22 | 5.44 | 2.06 | 1.80 |
| 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene | MS | 1423 | 2.78 | 2.20 | 2.20 | 5.39 | 2.01 | 1.81 |
| p-cymenene | LRI,MS | 1436 | 9.05 b | 7.21 c | 13.45 a | 7.49 c | 6.48 c | 6.87 c |
| methyl benzoate | LRI,MS | 1601 | 14.74 b | 3.88 c | 22.08 b | 41.94 a | 13.97 b | 4.01 c |
| acetophenone | S,LRI,MS | 1626 | 14.76 b | 13.46 b | 20.73 a | 13.08 b | 12.68 b | 13.60 b |
| estragole | LRI,MS | 1655 | 0.06 c | 0.03 c | 0.02 c | 0.90 b | 1.40 a | 0.01 c |
| 4-ethylbenzaldehyde | LRI,MS | 1689 | 6.13 b | 4.73 c | 9.68 a | 4.66 c | 3.77 c | 4.66 c |
| methyl salicylate | LRI,MS | 1755 | 47.45 ab | 18.17 d | 62.13 a | 61.68 a | 37.24 bc | 30.00 c |
| aromatic aldehyde I (n.i.) | MS | 1810 | 9.56 b | 9.57 b | 18.54 a | 6.75 c | 5.56 c | 9.18 c |
| aromatic aldehyde II (n.i.) | MS | 1839 | 9.12 b | 9.29 b | 18.39 a | 6.46 c | 5.50 c | 8.81 c |
| benzyl alcohol | S,LRI,MS | 1851 | 20.21 c | 22.03 c | 24.09 bc | 23.65 bc | 35.74 ab | 39.17 a |
| 2-phenylethyl alcohol (mg/kg) | S,LRI,MS | 1885 | 0.33 | 0.30 | 0.39 | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.38 |
| benzyl nitrile | LRI,MS | 1896 | 0.04 b | 0.00 b | 0.16 b | 0.00 b | 0.00 b | 1.17 a |
| lilial | LRI,MS | 2020 | 1.55 bc | 1.58 bc | 1.04 bc | 2.42 ab | 3.74 a | 1.01 c |
| methyl 2-methoxybenzoate | LRI,MS | 2037 | 5.21 a | 0.43 c | 4.21 ab | 3.49 a b | 2.45 bc | 1.19 c |
| complex benzenoid (n.i.) | MS | 2041 | 3.94 b | 5.40 b | 3.69 b | 12.24 a | 11.25 a | 3.07 b |
| 2-phenoxyethanol | LRI,MS | 2106 | 3.30 bc | 2.07 c | 4.99 bc | 10.29 a | 7.11 ab | 5.49 bc |
| methyl anthranilate | LRI,MS | 2200 | 0.73 b | 0.05 c | 0.76 b | 1.15 b | 2.04 a | 0.01 c |
| menthyl salicylate | MS | 2273 | 1.25 b | 2.57 a | 2.16 ab | 2.74 a | 2.27 a | 1.39 b |
| 4-ethoxystyrene | MS | 2348 | 1.97 c | 1.96 c | 2.20 bc | 3.07 a | 2.74 ab | 1.95 c |
| benzoic acid | LRI,MS | 2381 | 11.32 b | 44.78 a | 38.56 a | 5.62 b | 7.75 b | 14.51 b |
| furanoids | ||||||||
| 2-ethylfuran (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | 938 | 0.14 b | 0.08 cd | 0.22 a | 0.09 bc | 0.05 cd | 0.03 d |
| 2-vinylfuran | LRI,MS | 1059 | 10.26 b | 5.89 bc | 17.85 a | 9.15 b | 5.32 bc | 1.94 c |
| 4-methyl-2,3-dihydrofuran | LRI,MS | 1184 | 4.98 ab | 4.59 b | 3.83 b | 6.13 a | 4.90 ab | 3.86 b |
| 2-pentylfuran | LRI,MS | 1225 | 7.81 | 7.60 | 7.33 | 8.82 | 10.79 | 62.68 |
| 5-methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde | LRI,MS | 1551 | 4.99 b | 3.33 c | 7.19 a | 3.58 bc | 1.90 cd | 1.55 d |
| 2(5H)-furanone | LRI,MS | 1722 | 5.90 | 3.67 | 5.23 | 2.23 | 1.42 | 2.94 |
| 5-ethyl-2(5H)-furanone (mg/kg) | LRI,MS | 1733 | 0.19 a | 0.08 bc | 0.19 a | 0.15 ab | 0.06 bc | 0.03 c |
| 2-ethyl-5-methyl-tetrahydrofuran (mg/kg) | MS | 1933 | 0.44 ab | 0.21 cd | 0.58 a | 0.34 bc | 0.15 cd | 0.07 d |
| miscellaneous | ||||||||
| dimethyl sulfide | LRI,MS | 739 | 1.21 ab | 1.26 ab | 2.49 a | 1.18 ab | 0.74 b | 1.81 ab |
| 2,4-dihydro-5-methyl-3H-pyrazol-3-one I | MS | 978 | 0.90 | 2.14 | 1.10 | 10.00 | 4.62 | 0.38 |
| 1,2-dihydro-5-methyl-3H-pyrazol-3-one | MS | 1109 | 0.85 | 1.17 | 0.52 | 4.51 | 2.12 | 0.09 |
| 2,4-dihydro-5-methyl-3H-pyrazol-3-one II | MS | 1150 | 0.08 | 0.35 | 0.09 | 1.82 | 0.60 | 0.01 |
| 2-phenyl-1H-indole | MS | 1502 | 78.56 c | 93.8 b | 139.59 a | 67.51 c | 74.11 c | 95.38 b |
| dimethyl sulfoxide | LRI,MS | 1540 | 26.39 abc | 15.52 c | 27.62 ab | 32.02 a | 23.96 abc | 16.65 bc |
| n.i. (m/z 189,207,131) | MS | 1688 | 0.51 a | 0.21 b | 0.45 ab | 0.47 a | 0.25 ab | 0.19 b |
| n.i. (m/z 84,85,41,42,39,133,147,175) | MS | 1990 | 1.91 b | 1.20 b | 3.72 a | 1.07 b | 1.32 b | 1.21 b |
| phenol | S,LRI,MS | 1972 | 5.27 c | 6.01 b | 9.88 a | 4.38 d | 4.16 d | 5.95 b |
| totals (mg/kg) | ||||||||
| total hydrocarbons | 2.12 a | 1.54 b | 1.99 a | 1.13 c | 1.01 c | 1.70 b | ||
| total monoterpenes | 0.35 b | 0.23 b | 0.41 b | 0.71 b | 1.85 a | 0.26 b | ||
| total sesquiterpenes | 12.36 a | 10.15 a | 9.29 a | 12.54 a | 3.54 b | 2.66 b | ||
| total aldehydes | 23.19 b | 24.78 b | 26.10 b | 14.79 c | 7.64 c | 36.37 a | ||
| total ketones | 0.44 b | 0.56 a | 0.41 bc | 0.34 c | 0.33 c | 0.37 c | ||
| total alcohols | 4.12 bc | 5.02 bc | 4.95 bc | 5.69 ab | 7.89 a | 3.52 c | ||
| total acids | 45.85 b | 447.25 a | 60.81 b | 48.19 b | 65.37 b | 33.99 b | ||
| total esters | 0.52 b | 1.29 a | 0.56 b | 0.25 b | 0.61 b | 0.27 b | ||
| total benzenoids | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.87 | 1.60 | 0.88 | 0.79 | ||
| total furanoids | 0.80 | 0.40 | 1.04 | 0.61 | 0.28 | 0.76 | ||
| total miscellaneous | 0.12 b | 0.12 b | 0.19 a | 0.12 b | 0.11 b | 0.12 b | ||
ID—identification of compounds; S—retention time and mass spectrum consistent with that of the pure standard and with NIST05 mass spectra electronic library; LRI—linear retention index consistent with that found in literature; MS—mass spectra consistent with that from NIST05 mass spectra electronic library or literature; n.i.—not identified. The compounds with only MS symbol in ID column were tentatively identified. The compounds for which pure standards were not available (without symbol S in the ID column) were quantified semi-quantitatively and their concentrations were expressed as equivalents of compounds with similar chemical structure assuming a response factor = 1. Different superscript lowercase letters in a row represent statistically significant differences between mean values at p < 0.05 obtained by one-way ANOVA and least significant difference (LSD) test.