Table 1.

Summarization of shear and extensional studies over the past decades.

Author	Year	Sample	Method	Type of Stress	Magnitudes of Cell Damage (Pa)	Magnitudes of Cell Loss (Pa)	Time
Nevaril et al.	1968	RBCs	Viscometer	Shear	150–300 (Hemolysis)	—	2 min
Sutera et al.	1975	RBCs	Viscometer	Shear	<250 (Deformation) >250 (Fragmentation)	—	4 min
Smith et al.	1987	Hybridoma	Viscometer	Shear	—	0.67	15 h
Petersen et al.	1988	Hybridoma	Viscometer	Shear	—	5	10 min
Schürch et al.	1988	Hybridoma	Viscometer	Shear	—	<6	—
Abu et al.	1989	Hybridoma	Viscometer	Shear	<5 (Respiration Activity)	>5	0.5–2 h
Tanzeglock et al.	2009	HEKs and CHOs	Rheometer and Syringe	Extensional	—	500	—
Down et al.	2011	RBCs	Capillary	Extensional	—	3000	Milliseconds
Aguado et al.	2012	—	Needle	Extensional	—	—	—
Yen et al.	2015	RBCs	Capillary	Extensional	—	1000	0.06 ms
Bae et al.	2016	CHOs	Cross-Slot	Extensional	—	250	—