Table 3.

Capacity to bounce back.

Reference Articles	Definition Proposed	Citation Source
Silverman [115]	Resilience is defined in the positive psychology literature as the human capacity to persist, bounce back, and flourish when faced with stressors.	Bonanno [62]
Chen [116]	Resilience is the capacity to adapt to and bounce back from adversity and stressful events.	Davidson et al. [117]; Prince-Embury [118]
Brush [119]	Resilience as the ability to bounce back or cope successfully despite substantial adversity.	Earvolino-Ramirez [75]
Netuveli [120]	Resilience is having good outcomes despite adversity and risk and could be described in terms of preserving the same level of the outcome or rebounding back to that level after an initial setback. Using the latter definition, resilience as “bouncing back”. Resilience could involve either rebounding after adversity.	Garmezy, [20]
Violanti [121]	The term resilience is often used to imply an ability to bounce back. Consequently, the definition adopted here embodies the notion of adaptive capacity.	Klein [122]
Earvolino-Ramirez [76]	Resilience, the ability to bounce back or cope successfully despite substantial adversity.	Rutter [8]
Kalisch [123]	The process of effectively negotiating, adapting to, or managing significant sources of stress or trauma. Assets and resources within the individual, their life, and environment facilitate this capacity for adaptation and “bouncing back” in the face of adversity. Across the life course, the experience of resilience will vary.	Windle [124]
Xing [125]	Psychological resilience is defined as an individual’s ability to effectively adapt to and rebound from negative experience.	Lazarus [126]
Sharpley [69]	Various aspects of this construct of psychological resilience have been identified, including the ability to rebound from disappointments, positive adjustment behaviors in adverse circumstances, or simply successful adaptation to challenging life stressors.	Brooks [127]; Tedeschi [128]; Alvord [129]