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. 2019 Nov 15;8(11):575. doi: 10.3390/foods8110575

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Means of naturally occurring microorganisms on spinach samples as function of antimicrobial treatment: (a) aerobic bacteria, (b) Enterobacteriaceae, and (c) yeasts and molds (p < 0.0001). Treatments were: 1.0% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles loaded with 1.0% eugenol (Encap); 1.0% unencapsulated eugenol (Free-Eug); 1.0% SDS micelles unloaded (SDS-Mic); 200 ppm pH 7.0 free chlorine (200 HOCl); sterile distilled water (DW); no treatment, non-inoculated (Control). Bars depict arithmetic means from three identical replications with duplicate independent samples per replicate (n = 6); error bars depict one sample standard deviation from the mean. Columns not sharing capitalized letters (A, B, C, D) differ at p = 0.05.