Figure 1.

Working flowchart for characterizing single-nucleus electrical properties (e.g., C_ne and R_ne, two key parameters of nuclear envelope) based on microfluidic constriction channel. Key steps include nucleus preparation (a), device operation (b) and data processing (c). In operation, trypsin-EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), lysis buffer and IGEPAL^@ CA-630 were used to acquire nuclei of cells. Then single nuclei were trapped at the entrance of the constriction channel with corresponding impedance values measured by a lock-in amplifier. Based on an equivalent electrical model where nuclear electrical components were represented as C_ne in parallel with R_ne, and then in series with R_np, raw impedance data were translated into C_ne and R_ne.