Table 1.
Characteristics of Air Pollution Monitoring Stations and PM2.5 Exposure, Numbers of Participants, and Numbers of Deaths, Overall and by Cause, Among Medicare Enrollees Aged 65–120 Years, United States, 2000–2008
| Characteristic | ICD-10 Code | Mediana (IQRb) | No. | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of monitoring stations | 988 | |||
| PM2.5 exposure, μg/m3 | 12.5 (10.3–14.3) | |||
| No. of Medicare enrollees | 14,630 (6,777–27,142) | 18,937,461 | ||
| Monthly no. and % of deaths per monitor | ||||
| All causes | 2,845 (1,154–5,520) | 4,190,595 | 100.0 | |
| Nonaccidental | A–R | 2,774 (1,130–5,381) | 4,097,110 | 98.0 |
| Accidental | V–Y | 70 (30–128) | 93,467 | 2.2 |
| All cardiovascular disease | I00–I99 | 1,069 (442–2,161) | 1,683,577 | 40.2 |
| Ischemic heart disease | I20–I25 | 508 (208–1,048) | 890,806 | 21.3 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | I60–I69 | 207 (87–396) | 293,786 | 7.0 |
| Congestive heart failure | I50 | 85 (34–170) | 119,631 | 2.9 |
| All respiratory disease | J00–J99 | 329 (138–633) | 460,725 | 11.0 |
| COPD | J40–J44 | 178 (73–337) | 238,214 | 5.7 |
| Pneumonia | J12–J18 | 78 (33–156) | 126,635 | 3.0 |
| All cancer | C–D | 631 (256–1,230) | 925,632 | 22.1 |
| Lung cancer | C34 | 182 (73–346) | 255,544 | 6.1 |
Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision; IQR, interquartile range; PM2.5, particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter.
a Median value among locations and months.
b 25th–75th percentiles.