Figure 3.

Impact of scaffold and culture chamber designs on flow pathways. Shape and dimensions of the scaffold with respect to the chamber design greatly modify the area and the volume of the scaffold truly perfused; culture medium can flow (a) preferentially all around the scaffold (a1) from the middle (Liu et al., 2012) or (a2) at the periphery (streamline simulation; Cruel et al., 2015), (b) at specific location (Grayson et al., 2010) or (c) through the entire construct (Bancroft, Sikavitsas, & Mikos, 2003)