Fig. 7.

Metabolic cage study of animals with plasmid injection of pLIVE-GDF11 or pLIVE-SEAP. Mice were fed an HFD for 8 weeks after gene transfer and individually caged. Oxygen consumption and CO₂ release by each mouse were monitored. The dark and light phases were indicated by black and white bars on the x-axis. a Oxygen consumption; b Average oxygen consumption in day and night; c CO₂ output; d average CO₂ output in day and night; e calculated energy expenditure; f average energy expenditure in day and night; g respiratory exchange ratio (RER); h accumulated activity; i the average rectal temperature after treatment. The rectal temperature of mice was measured weekly after hydrodynamic gene delivery. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 5), ^#P < 0.05