Table 5.

Probability of having a financial catastrophe under the Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI) and National Health Insurance (NHI) schemes

Independent variable (Andersen’s Behavioral Model)	Binary logistic regression model 2: catastrophic expenditure (of inpatient department)
	CBHI								NHI
	2013 (controlling insurance status)		2013		2016 (controlling insurance status)		2016		2018
	Nagelkerke R2 0.594		Nagelkerke R2 0.583		Nagelkerke R2 0.635		Nagelkerke R2 0.415		Nagelkerke R2 0.301
	OR	P value	OR	P value	OR	P value	OR	P value	OR	P value
Predisposing factors
Gender
Male
Female	1.990	0.368	2.012	0.453	0.838	0.804	0.743	0.795	0.662	0.601
Age
18–35
36–49	0.314	0.304	0.543	0.651	0.287	0.146	0.362	0.154	1.223	0.211
50 or above	0.140	0.089	0.156	0.094	0.039	0.007	0.123	0.078	0.803	0.457
Marital status
Single
Married	1.648	0.687	1.431	0.541	1.572	0.524	1.659	0.573	0.643	0.144
Educational status
Never attended school
Primary school	0.779	0.818	0.631	0.756	0.245	0.094	0.346	0.097	0.943	0.505
Lower secondary school or higher	0.114	0.045	0.124	0.056	0.522	0.472	0.542	0.871	1.156	0.792
Size of household
Small (1–4 people)
Large (more than 5 people)	1.978	0.364	2.142	0.534	1.026	0.970	1.042	0.879	0.946	0.836
Enabling factors
Income level
Less than 1 million LAK (US$120)
1 million (US$120) to 2.5 million LAK (US$300)	0.049	0.000*	0.056	0.001*	0.030	0.000*	0.056	0.002*	1.166	0.894
2.5 million LAK (US$300) or more	0.034	0.019*	0.04	0.003*	0.012	0.000*	0.045	0.000*	1.117	0.900
Insurance status
No – uninsured
Yes – Insured	0.426	0.277			0.037	0.000*
Need factors
Chronic condition
No
Yes	4.306	0.067	6.102	0.083	0.622	0.568	0.75	0.780	8.695	0.000*

* Statistically significant at 95% confidence interval